• Volume 23,Issue 6,2014 Table of Contents
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    • >鱼类生物学
    • A comparative study on the lateral line morphology of Sebastiscus marmoratus and Trachidermus fasciatus

      2014, 23(6):801-809.

      Abstract (3618) HTML (0) PDF 2.92 M (3032) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Whether the adaptation or the phylogenetic constrain impacts the morphological patterns of lateral line system is still a question in the evolutionary morphology. To approach this question, by using light and scanning electron microscopy, we compared the morphology and distribution patterns of the lateral line system in two species of Scorpaeniformes: False kelpfish(Sebastiscus marmoratus) and roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus). The mechanosensory lateral line system of S. marmoratus and T. fasciatus are composed of canals and superficial neuromasts. The S. marmoratus, which lives in turbulent fast flowing habitats, has a developed branching canal system and fewer superficial neuromasts. In contrast, the T. fasciatus which resides in slow flowing habitats, has a simple unbranched canal system and more superficial neuromasts. Our results show that both of the patterns mainly depend on using canal lateral line system to perceive water motion with compensation of the superficial neuromasts for sensation of accurate information from the surrounding water movement. The differences of morphological patterns of the lateral line system in two systematically closely related species reflect that adaptation to the habitat hydrodynamic environment plays an important role in evolution process of morphological character formation in fish.

    • The ossificational process of the intermuscular bones in Anguilla japonica

      2014, 23(6):810-813.

      Abstract (4217) HTML (0) PDF 1.03 M (3268) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:To further understand the development process of intermuscular bones in teleosts, a modified bone clearing and staining experiment was conducted to investigate morphological development of intermuscular bone in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. It is showed that all the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton both have completely ossified in the glass eel stage. However, the intermuscular bone does not ossify. During the elvers period, the ossification of epineurals, epicentrals and epipleurals is observed in the anterior part of the body. Each of the intermuscular bones is ossified posteriorly, which is very different to that in other species in Cyprinidar. The results indicate that the forming process of intermuscular bones might have relation with the swimming modes. This study provides some very important information about the morphological development of intermuscular bone in Japanese eel, which will be helpful for us to further understand the molecular mechanism underlying intermuscular bone development.

    • The histological observation of the pancreas of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

      2014, 23(6):814-819.

      Abstract (4248) HTML (0) PDF 1.71 M (3432) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In the present study, the techniques of histological section and immunohistochemistry were adopted to perform a histological observation on the pancreas of largemouth bass. It was revealed by the sections stained with H-E and G-aldehyde fuchsine that more than 10 yellow-white macroscopic nodules were identified as islet structures in the abdominal cavity of largemouth bass, in which the biggest one was designated as principal islet, and a lot of smaller invisible islets were embedded in the wall of the common bile duct. The islet was surrounded by an inner layer of connective tissue and an outer layer of exocrine pancreatic tissue, and the exocrine pancreatic tissue also existed and was distributed in the liver. The sections marked by streptavidin peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemical method and the section image analysis suggested that B cells were located mainly in the central region of the islet while the A cells were distributed throughout the islet. It can be concluded that the pancreas of largemouth bass belongs to dispersal type, the endocrine pancreas (islet) is distributed mainly around the common bile duct while the exocrine pancreas surrounds the islet and it is also embedded in the liver.

    • Effects of salinity on growth of Oreochromis niloticus through mTOR signal pathway

      2014, 23(6):820-825.

      Abstract (4096) HTML (0) PDF 971.01 K (3253) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:mTOR signal pathway plays a vital role in the regulation of animal growth and development. In this study, growth rates of Oreochromis niloticus at different salinities were compared in a 30-day experiment; in the meantime, expression changes of downstream pathway regulation factors p70s6k and 4ebp1 were evaluated at both mRNA and protein levels. The results showed that salinity significantly inhibited the growth of Nile tilapia, the final body weight decreased with the salinity increase, and average body weight at 0, 15, 20, 25 salinity was (0.48±0.13)g/d, (0.31±0.09)g/d, (0.14±0.08)g/d, (0.09±0.03)g/d, respectively. The p70s6k mRNA expression level decreased with salinity increasing, the highest was detected at 0 salinity, while the lowest was at 25 salinity, which was significantly lower than that at 0, 15 and 20 salinities. The 4ebp1 mRNA expression at 25 salinity was significantly higher than 0, 15, 20 salinity, increasing with salinity levels. Western blot results showed the protein level of p70s6k at 0 salinity was significantly higher than that at other higher salinities, while 4ebp1 at 25 salinity was significantly higher than that at other lower salinities. Our result suggested salinity may affect growth of O. niloticus through mTOR signaling pathway.

    • Community structure and diversity of fishes in Qiandao Lake

      2014, 23(6):826-833.

      Abstract (3932) HTML (0) PDF 1.17 M (3195) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Gillnet surveys were conducted on the fishes resources in Qiandao Lake during July 2010 to October 2011 and March 2012 to February 2013. Transparency, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, nitrate, ammonia, temperature and other water quality parameters were measured simultaneously. 54 fish species were collected,belonging to 11 families,and 6 orders. Cypriniformes had the largest species number which accounted for 72.2% of the total.Ecotypes of different fish species were classified according to habitat and migratory ways, vertical distribution of the dwelling water layer and the diet types. The dominant species were of small and medium-sized sedentary fish such as Xenocypris microleps, Sinibrama macrops, Culter mongolicus, and Culter alburnus. Fish diversity index was estimated using individual numbers or biomass, Margalef richness index DN and DW were 1.72 and 0.74 respectively, while Shannon diversity indices H'N and H'W were 1.40 and 1.41 respectively. Pielou evenness indices J'N and J'W in the Lake were 0.70 and 0.71,respectively.

    • >水产养殖
    • The impact of rice-crab culture system on crustacean zooplankton community

      2014, 23(6):834-841.

      Abstract (4036) HTML (0) PDF 1.16 M (3005) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:During the tilling, tillering, jointing, flowering and filling stages, a study was carried out on community of crustacean zooplankton in water environment of rice-crab culture model. This experiment included four treatments: a single seedling transplant of rice-crab culture(T1), a double seedling transplant of rice-crab culture(T2), a four seedling transplanting of rice-crab(T4) and a double seedling transplant of paddy without crab(CK). There were 3 parallel groups in each treatment. After being identified, 13 species of Cladocera and 5 species of Copepoda were found, and four species were dominant. Cladocera average density presented downward trend after rising first, rose to its highest in tillering stage, not crab filling paddy field down to a low level to filling stage. Crab filling paddy field in flowering went down to lower levels,then rose but rose slightly. During the tilling and tillering stages no significant differences were observed between the groups (P>0.05), while in jointing stage, flowering and filling periods, no significant differences were observed between paddy fields (P<0.01); The copepods density in general is on the rise trend, reviving an average density is very low, only 0. 48 ind/L during tilling stage. Average trend of changes in biomass and the trend of density were basically the same. Different cultivation patterns of rice have a certain impact on crustacean zooplankton. From the perspective of the production model analysis, the single seedling transplant of rice-crab culture method may be more beneficial to rice-crab culture ecosystem.

    • Expression profiles of three antimicrobial peptide genes in Litopenaeus vannamei induced by microcystin (MC-LR)

      2014, 23(6):842-847.

      Abstract (4446) HTML (0) PDF 952.29 K (3047) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Microcystins (MCs) are a kind of cyanobacterial toxins produced by cyanobacterial bloom. They can affect the growth and reproduction of a variety of aquatic organisms, such as shrimp. In this study, the expression profiles of three antimicrobial peptide genes (Penaeidin 3, Crustin and ALF) in Litopenaeus vannamei were detected via real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) method post MC-LR injection. The results show that MCs can significantly affect the expression of Penaeidin 3 and ALF but cannot affect that of Crustin. In order to understand the impact of MC-LR on the response of the three peptides to bacteria, Vibrio anguillarum was injected into the shrimps after MC-LR injection. The relative expressions of three antimicrobial peptide genes were all down-regulated in the early stage and up-regulated after 4 h post Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Expressions of three genes in MC-LR injected group were all down-regulated compared with the control group. The results suggest that MC-LR could affect the expressions of antimicrobial peptide genes in unkown ways and impact the shrimp immune system.

    • Effects of mequindox on non-specific immunity, growth performance and stress resistance of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

      2014, 23(6):848-855.

      Abstract (3578) HTML (0) PDF 1.26 M (2930) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mequindox on non-specific immunity, survival rate, growth performance and stress resistance in juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) breeding. The sea cucumbers with initial body weight of 0.6g were exposed to different mequindox solutions of 0 (control group), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/L for 69 days. The resistance after long-distance transportation was investigated two weeks after the drug withdrawal. The results showed that the AKP, ACP and SOD enzyme activities of juvenile sea cucumber increased significantly after the use of mequindox, and reached peak in the 2.0 mg/L, 4.0 mg/L mequindox solutions and then decreased as the mequindox continued to increase. However, after 40 days, the enzyme activities in the experimental groups generally decreased to the values in the control group. Appropriate amounts of mequindox can increase the growth rate and survival rate of the sea cucumber. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The FBW, WGR and SGR were the biggest in the 4.0 mg/L mequindox solution with the highest survival rate (90.6%), significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). Besides, high concentration of mequindox (6.0 mg/L) decreased the stress resistance of juvenile sea cucumber. Our study suggested that the proper amount of mequindox for juvenile sea cucumber in the period of growth seeding was approximately 2.0 mg/L-4.0 mg/L.

    • The suitable culture temperature, light intensity for four freshwater microalgae and analysis on cellular biochemical compositions

      2014, 23(6):856-862.

      Abstract (4437) HTML (0) PDF 1.06 M (3100) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:In this study,a culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of different temperature and light intensity on the growth of four species of microalgae (Golenkinia sp. SHOU-F56, Chlorococcum sp. SHOU-F93, Selenastrum sp. SHOU-F119, Chlorococcum sp. SHOU-F124), and the biochemical compositions and fatty acids of the microalgae were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal culture temperatures were 29.5, 19.3, 21.5, 24.3 ℃and the optimal light intensity was 35.5, 8.3, 22.5, 19.2 μmol/(m2·s) for Golenkinia sp. SHOU-F56, Chlorococcum sp. SHOU-F93, Selenastrum sp. SHOU-F119 and Chlorococcum sp. SHOU-F124, respectively.Under the suitable culture conditions, Chlorococcum sp. SHOU-F93 cells had the highest contents of pigments (3.26%) and carbohydrates (20.90%), while Chlorococcum sp. SHOU-F93 and Selenastrum sp. SHOU-F119 had the highest contents of protein, being 32.64% and 33.91%, respectively and Selenastrum sp. SHOU-F119 had the highest contents of total lipid (23.74%). The dominant fatty acids in the four microalgae were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. Based on characteristics of four microalgae cells, these microalgae may have propects for the development and utilization as freshwater bait.

    • Effects of different diets on the growth and body composition of Odontobutis potamophila larvae

      2014, 23(6):863-866.

      Abstract (4094) HTML (0) PDF 653.02 K (3119) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:To study the effects of different opening diets on Odontobutis potamophila larvae growth and body composition, four opening diets were selected and they were rotifers enhanced cultivated by Chlorella vulgaris; egg yolks, rotifers +small cladocerans and larval dedicated opening diets. We selected the most palatable opening diets through 15d of feeding experiments. Experiments show that rotifer enhanced and cultivated by Chlorella vulgaris was the most suitable opening diet, with an average body length of 8.759 mm, average weight of 0.050 3 g, the survival rate of 94%, the protein content of 21.65% and the fat content of 1.57%; followed by rotifers +small cladocerans group and egg yolks group. Larval dedicated opening diets is not suitable as a weaning food.

    • Virulence genes and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and heavy metals of Vibrio cholerae isolated from aquaculture water farming Litopenaeus vannamei

      2014, 23(6):867-873.

      Abstract (4052) HTML (0) PDF 1.18 M (3106) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate virulence genes and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and heavy metals of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from aquaculture water farming Litopenaeus vannamei, in order to provide scientific data support for early warning of food-borne and life-threatening cholera disease caused by V. cholerae. The genes involved in pathogenicity and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The virulence-related genes were absent in all V. cholerae isolates, including ctxAB, sto, tcpA, ace and zot. However, all the isolates were tested positive for a toxR gene, 19.05% of which also contained a rtxA gene. Some of the functional genes (int, traI, traC, setR, attR) involved in conserved module structures of SXT-R391 family ICEs were detected positive, suggesting no possible transfer activity of the ICEs detected in the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility of V. cholerae strains were examined by using standard Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (USA,2010 Edition),showing distinct susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents belonging to six drug classes tested.Total 13.10% and 2.38% of the V. cholerae strains were resistant to ampicillin and gentamycin, respectively. About 25.00%-1.19% of the isolates also displayed intermediate resistance to rifampicin, streptomycin, ampicillin, kanamycin and spectinomycin. In addition, a narrow heavy metal resistance profile was detected in the isolates tested, showing strong resistance to Pb and Zn. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genetyping, these V. cholerae isolates were clustered into five NotI-PFGE types and thirteen subtypes with 56%-100% identity. The data in this study constituted the first evidence for molecular and resistance phenotype characterization of the V. cholerae isolates of aquaculture environmental origin.

    • The status and development trend of freshwater pearl seed industry in China

      2014, 23(6):874-881.

      Abstract (4451) HTML (0) PDF 1.33 M (3785) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:China is the largest freshwater pearl producer in the world. The development of pearl culture and seed industry may be divided into four stages. In this review, the major progress in different development stages of pearl culture and seed industry was characterized respectively. In the first development stage, the pearl culture industry expanded rapidly, and the freshwater pearl mussel resources were damaged seriously due to overfishing natural mussels for pearl culture. In the second development stage, the artificial breeding of freshwater pearl mussel was successful, and Hyriopsis cumingii and Cristaria plicata were selected as the best two species for pearl production. In this stage, the freshwater pearl yield in China got up to the first place in the world. In the third development stage, the pearl culture and seed industry were commercialized step by step due to the rapid development of private pearl enterprises. The freshwater pearl yield reached the highest level in this stage. Since 2008, the freshwater pearl industry has entered the period of transformation and upgrading from persuit of high pearl yield to persuit of high pearl quality. At present, offspring seed scale production has been promoted continuously, however, the seed produced by separate farmer still holds higher proportion. The degree of industrialization in seed production is low. For germplasm creation and application in freshwater pearl mussel, evaluation of germplasm, hybrid breeding and selection breeding are carried out gradually. However, a few modern breeding technologies are applied in pearl mussel breeding and the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements is low. Finally, according to the requirement of constructing modern aquaculture seed industry, we looked to the future of the modern, commercial and diversified freshwater pearl seed industry in China, and gave some advices. The review is beneficial to developing freshwater pearl mussel seed industry and even pearl industry.

    • >水域环境与保护
    • Research on heavy metal of surface sediment and runoff of Lingang New City in Shanghai

      2014, 23(6):882-889.

      Abstract (3852) HTML (0) PDF 1.27 M (2999) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Particle distribution and heavy metal concentration in surface sediment and surface runoff of different functional areas including traffic area (TA), commerial area (CA) and cultural and educational area(C&EA) of Lingang New City in Shanghai were analyzed in the present study. Heavy metal loads of surface sediment and annual loads of surface runoff were calculated based on sample analysis. The results indicated that particle size distribution curves are similar in different functional areas, and particles less than 300 μm account for 65%-85%. Concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cr in surface sediment of traffic area are higher than those in the other two areas, however, the concentrations of Hg and As were higher in the latter two areas. The concentration of Cd in different areas was comparable. As for surface runoff, the heavy metal concentrations of grab samples step across a wide range and heavy metal concentrations in surface runoff from C&EA were the highest. Heavy metal loads of surface sediment and annual loads of surface runoff in C&EA were higher than those of the other two areas. The loads of surface sediment of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg and As in C&EA were 2.03, 0.205, 2.42, 2.82, 0.0171 and 1.63 mg/m2,respectively. The loads of surface runoff of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg and As in C&EA were 37.21,1.10,19.46,9.60,0.83 and 7.22 g/(hm2/a), respectively.

    • Study on the inhibitory effect of Euphorbia helioscopia L. aqueous extract with and without tea saponin on Lemna minor L.

      2014, 23(6):890-896.

      Abstract (4048) HTML (0) PDF 1.88 M (2910) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The study was conducted to determine the inhibition effect of Euphorbia helioscopia L. aqueous extract on Lemna minor L. through measuring by plant growth and antioxidant enzyme system. A total of 18 treatments were successively divided into 3 experimental groups according to the content of tea saponin added as extraction adjuvants (group 1: no tea saponin,group 2: 0.2g/L tea saponin,group 3: 0.5 g/L tea saponin). Each group was set up on the six concentration series of E. helioscopia aqueous extract as 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02 g/mL. A blank control was also set up. The results showed that the injury degree of L. minor was directly correlated to the concentration of E. helioscopia aqueous extract. The antioxidant enzyme system was affected at low E. helioscopia aqueous extract concentrations (0.001, 0.003, 0.005 g/mL). The CAT, POD activity decreased, and SOD activity was reduced after an initial increase while apparent injury symptoms were not observed. L. minor was seriously injured apparently at higher concentration (0.01, 0.015, 0.02 g/mL) and 90%-100% individuals were injured after 36 hours stress. Both the quantity and the injury degree of injured individuals were positively correlated with the concentration of E. helioscopia aqueous extract. L. minor in groups of E. helioscopia tea saponin extract were injured mildly compared with those in the group with only aqueous extracts. A component analysis of E. helioscopia extract is necessary to find the differences between group 1, group 2 and group 3, and it will help to identify the active ingredient inhibiting L. minor.

    • Distribution properties and effects of light intensity on Vallisneria natans in Litang River

      2014, 23(6):897-903.

      Abstract (3811) HTML (0) PDF 1.01 M (2912) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Water quality and distribution of Vallisneria natans in the Litang River in Shanghai were investigated in 2012. We also studied the effects of different light intensity on the growth and photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate of V.natans. Results showed that the transparency of Litang River was 80-100 cm,and when the water depth increases, the V.natans biomass firstly increased and then decreased,and the turning point is at the depth of 60-90 cm in the four experiment groups,which showed the largest biomass.The density of V.natans was negatively correlated with the depth of water while the average leaf length of V.natans was positively correlated. Investigation showed that plenty of V.natans was found in offshore area of the river, but no V.natans was found in the center of the river. Experiment in lab circumstances showed that plant biomass, tiller number,average root length and photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate of V.natans were all reduced with the decrease of the light intensity (P<0.01). The critical light intensity of V.natans was 10 μmol/(m2·s),and at that point, the photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate was 10.52 μmol/(g·h),and the V.natans biomass started to decrease. This study showed that the V.natans distribution at different depth in Litang River was consistent with transparency. This study further revealed the reason why V.natans communities were difficult to reproduce and spread in low light conditions.

    • Effect of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and cerium sulfate (Ce(SO4)2) on filterability of MBR sludge

      2014, 23(6):904-910.

      Abstract (4001) HTML (0) PDF 1.02 M (2978) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Membrane fouling is the major limitation to the wide-spread application of membrane bioreactor (MBR). Recently, some additives were used to alter the characteristics of the mixture, and it was found that they could slow down the membrane fouling. This study was to investigate the influence of LaCl3 and Ce(SO4)2 on membrane fouling in MBR. Resistance distribution and specific cake resistance were measured to compare the filterability of LaCl3 and Ce(SO4)2 with blank. The results showed that the two additives could ameliorate the mixture filterability and retard the membrane fouling. At their optimum dosages, the specific cake resistances decreased by 40.93% (LaCl3) and 49.16% (Ce(SO4)2), fouling resistances 96.20% (LaCl3) and 96.94% (Ce(SO4)2) and cake resistances decreased by 79.54% (LaCl3) and 76.29% (Ce(SO4)2) as well. Although the effects of the two additives were similar, LaCl3 could improve the compression performance of sludge. Besides, the higher optimum dosage of Ce(SO4)2 would inhibit the sludge activity in MBR which was not good for the operation of the reactor.

    • Annual comparison of Chile jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) spatiotemporal distribution in the southeast Pacific

      2014, 23(6):911-919.

      Abstract (4251) HTML (0) PDF 1.69 M (3119) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Based on the fishing activity data of China trawlers in the southeast Pacific from 2003 to 2012, and by using the methods of GIS geostatistics and spatial analysis, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and its interannual difference of Chile jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) stock density. The results showed that variations in the spatial distribution of Chile jack mackerel in different years were obvious. In 2003 and 2004, the high value area of stock density was distributed in the northeast waters of 78°-85°W, decreased from the northeast waters to the southwest waters; In 2005, 2006 and 2007, it was similar to that in the previous two years, but the variation gradient was smaller than before; In 2008 and 2009, the high value area of stock density scattered, the distribution trend of stock density was not obvious; In 2010, the stock density had a trend of decreasing from the western waters to the eastern waters, the most of high value area distributed in the west waters of 93°W; In 2011, the high value area of stock density distribution was in the northwest waters; In 2012, the high value area of stock density distributed in the western waters of 28°-38°S, decreasing from the western waters to the eastern waters. The results of hot spot analysis and geostatistics analysis are basically the same, and the results of the two analysis methods can support each other. The high value points of Chile jack mackerel stock density are distributed in the north waters of 45°S.

    • >渔业资源与管理
    • Study on the fishing ground forecasting of chub mackerel based on a 3D numerical ocean model in the East China Sea

      2014, 23(6):920-929.

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      Abstract:The relationship between central fishing ground and sea surface temperature (SST) were analyzed quantitatively by a mathematical statistics method, based on the monthly (from July to December) fishery data of chub mackerel (Scomber japonica) in the East China Sea from 1998 to 2011. The fishing ground of chub mackerel in the East China Sea was divided into two parts, the northern and southern fishing ground, by a zonal boundary along 32°N, and the optimal SST of each fishing ground was obtained from the result of statistics. Based on the ocean model, ECOM-si, a three dimension (3D) numerical model coupled with modules of temperature, salinity and current simulation in the East China Sea was established to do fishing ground forecasting. Using the monthly optimal SST as criterion, the numerical model coupled with a preliminary?fishing ground forecasting module of chub mackerel. The fishing ground forecasting module successfully demonstrated the position variation of central fishing ground of chub mackerel during July to December, the result agreed well with the historical fishing data. The numerical model reproduced the process of the northern fishing ground developed surrounding deep water of the Yellow Sea since August, covered the maximum area of optimal SST in October, moved southward in November, and occupied the deep water area of the Yellow Sea Basin in December. On the southern fishing ground, maximum area of optimal SST occurred in August, then decreased dramatically in October, and moved from the west side of the Kuroshio mainstream and withdraw westward to near the isobaths of 100 m in November and December. The results show that the 3D numerical model with modules of temperature, salinity and current simulation and the preliminary?fishing fishery forecasting module could be applied to do studies on fishing ground forecasting of the important fisheries in the East China Sea.

    • Study of age and growth of cephalopod using their beaks

      2014, 23(6):930-936.

      Abstract (4755) HTML (0) PDF 1.24 M (3107) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Determination of age and growth is important in the fishery biology study. Length-frequency is not reliable for cephalopod age determination, while hard tissue is one of the most effective ways to study their age and growth. Beak as one of the few hard structures of cephalopods is increasingly popular for its high stable-morphology and erosion resistance as well as good information storage. In this study, we reviewed progress in the study of the age and growth of cephalopods based on beak length, increments, formation of the first increments and age validation and determination. The result shows that some problems still exist in age identifying, that is, studies only focused on Octopus vulgaris and O. maya, which should be solved in the near future although a certain progress has been made. Our study will provide an important technical support and theoretical basis for the research in cephalopod age and growth study.

    • The preliminary studies on cost-benefit analysis and relative influence factors of fishing boats

      2014, 23(6):937-941.

      Abstract (3887) HTML (0) PDF 757.58 K (2971) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:Based on the survey of the main marine fishing villages in Ningbo, this paper analyses the composition of marine fishing cost. The results are:(1) Not cosidering the labor costs,the fishing boats' profit is 75% in Fenghua. Otherwise,the loss rate is above 50%. The greater the power of the fishing boat is, the higher losses are; (2) Through the unit costs yield (including labor costs) and unit fuel costs yield, we found that two indicators of marine fishing boats are negative (loss); (3) Fishery taxes cost little, fishing boats financing way is mainly divided into wholly owned and joint ventures. Main conclusions are obtained through the results: (1) The ice, fuel costs and labor costs are the most important factors affecting marine fishing boats benefit; (2) The seasonal variation, taxes and allocation problems affected the cost benefit to some extent; (3) The problems of labor turnover and workers' education degree must be solved urgently in the future marine fishing.

    • Changes in aquatic product trade between China and Japan and China's measures

      2014, 23(6):942-947.

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      Abstract:Since the founding of People's Republic of China, the trade of aquatic product between China and Japan has been improved with the development of economy. The process of the development can be divided into three periods. First one is expansion period, based on the export from China to Japan. Second one is growing period, centered on processing trade. Third one is decrease period, affected by food safety issues. Changes in production and consumption, development of aquatic products processing technology and enhancement of food safety standards are the main factors that affect the process. For the decrease of the trade, both countries have taken a series of measures. China has taken the measures such as enhancing the legislations, food safety standards and export management system. Promotion conference of food safety was held by China and Japan to solve the problems. Although the measures showed down the decline of the aquatic trade, there are still many problems need to be solved. It will take a long time to achieve the recovery in aquatic product trade between China and Japan

    • >水产食品安全
    • Determination of benzo(a)pyrene residue in smoked fish by subcritical water extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

      2014, 23(6):948-953.

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      Abstract:A method was developed for the B(a)P determination in smoked fish by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method with subcritical water extraction(SCWE). B(a)P were extracted by water under the extraction temperature of 100 ℃ for 5 min,transferred into cyclohexane-ethylacetate (1:1, V/V) and then cleaned up by the Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The GC separation was performed on a Rtx-5MS capillary column. The B(a)P were determined by MS in selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode. The method showed good linearity over the range of 0 to 100 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The limit of quantification (S/N>10) was 2.5 ng/g,the limit of detection (S/N>10) was 1 ng/g and the precision(RSD) was between 7.95% and 10.56%. The average blank spike recoveries at three levels of 2.5, 5 and 10 ng/g ranged from 74.89% to 114.01% (n=8). The sensitivity,accuracy and precision of the method are suitable for the determination of the B(a)P in smoked fish.

    • The study on the quality and safety regulatory system of aquaculture products in China

      2014, 23(6):954-960.

      Abstract (3908) HTML (0) PDF 1.28 M (3024) Comment (0) Favorites

      Abstract:The status of the quality and safety management system of aquaculture products in China was introduced and some existing problems were summarized, then, the main features of the quality and safety management systems of aquaculture products in Japan, the United States and Norway, which are typical representative, were introduced and the enlightenment for China was summarized. Finally, in order to perfect the system in China, we brought forward some suggestions: keep the government leading, make clear the authorities of the regulatory agencies, strengthen the cooperation of different departments, strengthen the coordination of central and local agencies' regulatory work, and empower the supervision of the public and industry associations.


Volume 23, No. 6

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