Abstract:The vitellogenin mRNA gene was expressed in both ovary and hepatopancreas of shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. In this paper, the expression of vitellogenin mRNA in the ovary and hepatopancreas at different ovarian development stages, including multiplication oogoniium, previtellogenesis, primary vitellogenesis, secondary vitellogenesis and declining stages was determined by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR. The total RNA was extracted from the ovary and hepatopancreas and the target gene was amplified by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR with special primers. The results show that in ovary, the expression of mRNA increased from multiplication oogoniium to primary vitellogenesis stage. The relative expression levels were 0.04，0.23 and 1.03 respectively, but decreased at secondary vitellogenesis stage to 0.16. However, in declining stage it was 1.00. In hepatopancreas, the expression of mRNA increased from multiplication oogoniium to secondary vitellogenesis stage. The relative expression levels were 0.01，0.07，0.19 and 1.29 respectively，and it decreased to 0.74 at decling stage.

Abstract:The GHRH-GH-ⅠGFs growth axis plays an essential and central role in body growth. The insulinlike growth factor, located downstream of the axis, is a critical conduction factor of GH transmission and biological function exertion. In this experiment, we specifically isolated 5 exons and 3 introns (intron1, intron3, and intron4) of IGFⅠa gene in Cyprinus carpio var. jian. A total of 8 SNPs were screened by comparing the sequences of 10 individuals. PCRRFLP was applied in detecting the intron 1_C175G genotypes of 372 individuals from 5 families; the intron 1_A993G and intron 4_A511C genotypes of 987 individuals from 12 families. And then we identified the genotype, counted the allele frequency and analyzed the correlation between the three SNPs and weight gain. The results showed that the GG genotype frequency (male 0.43 and female 0.44) was the highest in intron 1_C175G, while this locus showed no association with weight gain. Intron 1_A993G locus significantly correlated with male weight gain in adult stages (P<0.05) and AG genotype displayed the highest frequency, 0.76 in female and 0.72 in male. 0.48 in female and 0.47 in male of CC genotype was the highest allele frequency for locus intron 4_A511C, which was remarkably associated with both male and female weight gain in both juvenile and adult stages(P<0.01). This experiment indicated that the expression of IGFⅠ gene varied between the different growth stages in Cyprinus carpio var. jian. Furthermore, expression diversity also existed between male and female individuals even at the same growth stage. The intron 1_A993G and intron 4_A511C were found significantly related with weight gain and could be considered as references in molecular breeding in Cyprinus carpio var. jian.

Abstract:Oujiang color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color) is a regional freshwater species distributed in the Oujiang River basin in China. Due to its rich color patterns and graceful body shape, Oujiang color common carp is a very popular fish to local inhabitants of the Oujiang River drainage. The fish has five kinds of body color patterns, namely “Whole red”, “Whole red with big black patch”, “Whole red with scattered black spots”, “Whole white” and “Whole white with big black patch”. This fish can be a very good model or material for studying body color inheritance in fish. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme involved in the formation of melanin compounds. The melanin can not be synthesized if premature transcription termination occurs in this gene. The cDNA sequences of tyrosinase gene were obtained from the skin tissue of five body color patterns of Oujiang color common carp using the technique of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The results showed that the lengths of tyrosinase gene cDNA sequence are different in different color patterns of Oujiang color common carp. For instance, the length of “Whole red” is 2 100 bp, “Whole red with scattered spots” is 2 107 bp, “Whole red with big black patch” is 2 073 bp, “Whole white” is 1 976 bp and “Whole white with big black patch” is 2 111 bp. There are two types of mRNA transcripts in each kind of body color patterns. Analyzing the amino acid sequence from two types mRNA, the first and second structures of predicted protein are different, whereas the third structure and typical structural domain are same in tyrosinase gene. It would be left behind to further research whether the sequence difference of tyrosinase gene would be a direct factor or not in determining different color patterns of Oujiang color common carp.

Abstract:The JAK2(Janus kinase 2) gene fragment sequence was cloned from liver of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by RTPCR. The obtained cDNA fragment sequence was 671 bp, which encoded 223 amino acids. The amino acid sequence comparison results showed that the JAK2 amino acid of grass carp shared 70%-91% identity with other species. Phylogenetic tree of JAK2 generated by Neighbor Joining method suggested that all teleosts cluster together, and the grass carp JAK2 is clustered closely with that of zebrafish, mandarin fish and globefish. Then the expressions of different tissues including liver, muscle, brain, heart, spleen and mesentery fat tissue were analyzed by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the JAK2 gene of grass carp expressed in all tissues and highest in liver (P<<0.05）, lower in muscle, brain, spleen and fat tissue, lowest in heart（P<0.05）. This study will be helpful for further understanding the structure and function of JAK2 in C. idella.

Abstract:The relative expression levels of Toll receptor and lysozyme mRNA in different tissues (haemolymph, gill, muscle and hepatopancreas) of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, were quantitatively detected with realtime PCR technology. The results indicated that the expressions of Toll receptor and lysozyme mRNA among tissues were significantly different. The relative expression of Toll receptor mRNA in haemolymph was significantly higher than that in gill as well as in muscle and hepatopancreas, and the relative expression of Toll receptor mRNA in gill was significantly higher than those in muscle and hepatopancreas. The relative expressions of lysozyme mRNA in haemolymph and in gill were significantly higher than those in muscle and hepatopancreas. While there was no significant difference between relative expressions of lysozyme mRNA in haemolypha and gill. There was no significant difference between the variation coefficients of Toll receptor and lysozyme mRNA expressions in haemolymph and in gill. It is therefore suggested that haemplymph and gill were the suitable material for assays of Toll receptor and lysozyme mRNA expression levels for L. vannamei.

Abstract:In this study, morphological and histological methods were used to observe the embryonic developmental process of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. According to its morphological characteristics , the embryonic developmental process can be devided into eight stages: (a) Fertilized egg, (b) Cleavage stage, (c) Blastula stage, (d) Gastrula stage, (e) Embryonizednauplius stage, (f) Embryonizedmetanauplius stage, (g) Embryonizedprotozoea stage, and (h) Embryonizedzoea stage. The cleavage pattern of the oriental river prawn was the transitional pattern between complete cleavage and meroblastic cleavage. The embryo has no blastocoele. Rudiments of the three paired naupliar appendages were organized at the embryonizednauplius stage. The abdominal region was organized into segments at the embryonizedprotozoea stage. Pigments of compound eyes appeared at the embryonizedprotozoea stage, and then the pigmental region continued to increase. At the embryonizedzoea stage, structures of the compound eyes reached relative maturity. The segmentation of the abdominal region and the appearance of the pigments indicated that the embryo has been in the embryonizedprotozoea stage. The duration of last four embryonic developmental stages were longer than that of other stages，owing to the formation and differentiation of the appendages at later stages.

Abstract:Composition and distribution of chromatophore on back scales, abdomen scales, and color pattern scales were studied on varieties of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) with different body colors. The results showed that the chromatophores on upper layer were melanin, red pigment and yellow pigment, which were distributed on the back area and accounted for 25%-35% of the scale; the main chromatophore on lower layer was guanine, with a little melanin, red pigment and yellow pigment, which were distributed on the proparea and back area, and accounted for 30%-65% of the scale. Based on the analysis, we summarized the differences of chromatophore distribution between varieties with similar body color; discussed the distribution of guanine on carp and crucian carp, the evolution of the body color on one of Carassius auratus variety with red color, and the genetic characteristics of melanin on varieties of carp and crucian carp.

Abstract:Five bacteria strains were isolated from the skin ulcer and internal organ of the Acanthurus glaucopareius. The artificial infection test proved that the isolated strain was the pathogenic bacterium. Its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were studied, and they completely matched Vibrio alginolyticus. The 16S rDNA gene was amplified by using the universal primers, and the PCR product was cloned and sequenced. A sequence of 1 392 base pair (bp) was obtained from the bacteria.The sequence was similar to the sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus(accession No.GQ455008), and the similarity was 99%. Vibrio alginolyticus was confirmed to be the pathogenic bacterium. The drug sensitivity test of bacteria strain revealed that the pathogen was sensitive to drugs such as furazolidone,norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin，and the pathogen was resistant to drugs such as methoxamine pyrimidine, ampicillin, amikacin and penicillin.

Abstract:Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) was the main pathogen of white tail disease (WTD), which was defined as the notifiable disease of aquatic animals by Office International des Epizooties (OIE). The purpose of this study is to develop a nested RT-PCR method for the detection of MrNV. Two pairs of specific primer were designed and synthesized according to the published MrNV capsid protein gene sequence in GenBank. After the nested RTPCR method was optimized, the specificity and sensitivity were assayed. This method can produce 205 bp amplicons of MrNV capsid protein gene with the following conditions: 0.8 μmol/L optimal concentration of primer, 56 ℃ anneal temperature and 2.0 mmol/L Mg²⁺ concentration, and had no crossreaction with three other prawn pathogens such as taura syndrome virus (TSV), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). The results of sensitivity test showed that the nested RT-PCR was 10³ times more sensitive than that of onestep RTPCR, and the minimum detection limits of the nested RTPCR were 2.612×10^-2 fg MrNV RNA.108 clinical Macrobrachium rosenbergii samples from Guangxi were tested by the two RT-PCR, and 9 out of 108 samples were positive by nested RT-PCR, while 3 out of 108 samples by onestep RT-PCR, which showed that the nested RT-PCR can boost positive detection rate of MrNV. The results indicated that the nested RT-PCR method for the detection of MrNV was successfully established and this method has high specificity and sensitivity, and could be used for the early diagnosis of acute and latent infections of MrNV. This study provides a reliable way for clinical detection, epidemiological investigation, import and export quarantine and laboratory studies on MrNV.

Abstract:The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of cerebral ganglion from white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was determined by the improved method of ELLMAN. On the basis of suitable conditions for determination, the AChE activities of other tissues were determined. This study also compared the effects of chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, phoxim and acephate on AChE activity in cerebral ganglion. The results showed that the highest activity of AChE was obtained at temperature of 35 ℃ and pH value of phosphate buffer solution of 7.5, while holding time had little effect on the AChE activity. The difference of AChE activitiy in different tissues from white shrimp was obvious. The AChE activity of cerebral ganglion was 49.73±8.42 nmol/(min·mg)protein, which was 3 times, 15 times and 19 times higher than that of gills, muscle and hepatopancreas, respectively. AChE was most sensitive to dichlorvos(IC₅₀ =0.19 μg/mL) and sensitive to chlorpyrifos(IC₅₀=7.20 μg/mL) and phoxim (IC₅₀=9.39 μg/mL), but was less sensitive to acephate (IC₅₀=136.77 μg/mL). This shows that the shrimp culture should prevent the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides, such as dichlorvos，chlorpyrifos and phoxim.

Abstract:A steady detection method for HCH and DDT residues in sediments is developed by improving the front disposal measure and chromatogram condition, which accords with the requirements of laboratory measurement for batch samples. The sample is extracted by acetonehexane (1∶1) mixture with 2g copper for removing sulfide. The extraction is purified by Florisil SPE column and CarbonGCB SPE column and eluted by acetonehexane(1∶9)mixture. The concentration is analyzed by gas chromatograph equipped with DB1701 column, quantified by the external standard method. The average recovery of added test in sandy sediments is between 74.5% and 92.0%, and the RSD% is between 3.09% and 6.67%. The detection limit is:α-HCH:1.96×10^-4 mg/kg， β-HCH：1.45×10^-6mg/kg，γ-HCH：1.90×10^-4 mg/kg， δ-HCH：1.98×10^-4mg/kg， p,p′-DDD:2.47×10^-6 mg/kg， o,p′-DDT：1.08×10^-4mg/kg， p,p′-DDE：1.59×10^-4 mg/kg， p,p′-DDT：2.52×10^-4mg/kg. The method is verified by the added test on muddy sediments, and the recovery and RSD% meet the detection requriements of pesticides residue in sediments.

Abstract:This paper studied the depuration effect of two kinds of submerged macrophytes Vallisneria spiralis and Elodea Canadensis in winter, after cold acclimation in laboratory. From 5 to 25 November 2009, ten large embankment enclosures were set up in Dong Jing River of the water source area in Gong Hu, Suzhou Vallisneria spiralis and Elodea Canadensis were planted in the enclosures. Experiments were made in 4 groups: Vallisneria spiralis, Elodea Canadensis, Vallisneria spiralis + Elodea Canadensis and control group. Each treatment had three replicates. Sampled once every five days, to test the water quality inside of the enclosure and the outside enclosure. The results showed that: (1) In the enclosures grown submerged macrophytes: concentrations of NH₄-N, NO₃-N, TN,were significantly lower than those before the experiment (P<0.01), and the concentrations in Vallisneria spiralis control, Elodea Canadensis control, Vallisneria spiralis + Elodea Canadensis control are reduced to 78.76%,70.20%, 83.42%,81.85%,72.30%,75.55%,88,80%,78.80%,86.21%, respectively ,while the control group and the water outside the enclosures have a lesser extent nitrogen concentrations, in which TN concentrations decreased 37.12% and 15.87%; (2)The control of Vallisneria spiralis + Elodea Canadensis have high reduction rate in decreasing the TP and COD_Mn, which were 86.97% and 76.16%, significantly higher than other controls(P<0.05). (3) The effect of purifying water of Vallisneria spiralis and Elodea Canadensis is better in winter, and the purifying effect: Vallisneria spiralis + Elodea Canadensis>Vallisneria spiralis >Elodea Canadensis. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the recovery of submerged plants of lake ecological restoration, species selection and reasonable allocation.

Abstract:The study was based on the investigations of fishery resources and environment of Lake Wuli in 2009.Using the Ecopath with Ecosim software beta 6.0, the massbalance of Lake Wuli ecosystem is constructed to analyze the main biomass flows and trophic flows. The model consists of 17 functional groups, which are Large culters, Other piscivorous, Tapertail anchovy, Common carp，Crucian carp, Bighead carp, Other fishes, Silver carp, Herbivorous fishes, Macrocrustaceans, Molluscs, Other benthos, Zooplanktons, Submerged Macrophytes, Other macrophytes, Phytoplanktons, Detritus. Each group represents organisms with a similar role in the food web, and the functional groups cover the main trophic flow in the ecosystem. Through network analysis, the ecosystem of Lake Wuli reached maturity in 2009.Trophic levels of the compartments vary from 1.00 to 3.958 6. The system net work is mapped into a linear food chain and six discrete trophic levels are found with a mean transfer efficiency of 4.4% from detritus and 5.1% from the primary producers within the ecosystem. The geometric mean of the trophic transfer efficiencies is 4.9%. In the course of energy flow, the proportion of total flow originating from detritus is 56%. and that from the primary producers is 44%. The parameters of this ecosystem: Total primary production/total respiration (TPP/TR), Connectance Index (FC), Ascendancy(A), Finn′s cycling index(FC), Finn′s mean path length (FCL)and System Omnivory Index(SOI) are: 1.339, 0.277, 0.267, 0.155, 3.393, 0.119 respectively.

Abstract:Using the Hakanson Risk Index, the spatial patterns of potential heavy metal (HM) ecological risks were studied. 106 soil and sediment samples were collected from September to October,2007 along the Yellow Sea Coast, and analyzed for the concentrations of heavy metals including metals of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cd. By software of GS+, the RI indices were interpolated. Data analysis revealed a dichotomy of HM levels and the associated potential for ecological risk, with northern areas having higher HM concentrations and greater risk indices while southern areas having lower levels of HM and RIs. RIs were also higher in inland areas than near the coastal areas. Our data revealed that the average HM concentrations in agricultural areas were higher than the average value of all samples. In contrast, the average HM concentrations from aquaculture areas were lower than the overall average. These data suggest the need for two overall target areas for ongoing risk investigations, one centered on controlling HM sources and offsite transport at highly disturbed locations, such as Sheyang Harbor, Sheyang Power Plant, Dafeng Habor, which are located in the north, and a second focused on the less disturbed southern areas, particularly nature reserves where maintenance of biological diversity and ecointegrity is paramount, including the Sheyang RedCrown Crane Natural Reserved Areas, the Dafeng Moose Natural Reserved Lands, and the southern radiation sand areas.

Abstract:The exploitation of land resources of nonresident islands is paid more and more attention to. According to the field investigation and the data from other academic literature, reference to related land resources classification system as an evaluation framework, from the perspective of the protection and development to select the indicator, the paper established the suitability evaluation system of land resources of nonresident islands in Shanghai by the means of AHP and Delphi. It calculated the indexes of protection and development of land resources,and analyzes the statud of 6 alluvial islands in Shanghai, the result suggests Jiuduan Sha and Qingcao Sha should be limited to development, Dongfengxi Sha, Biandan Sha and Huanggua Sha should be suitable for development. The development direction of the islands is the land and the tidal flats resources, in addition to the development direction of the Qingcao Sha is land resources.

Abstract:In order to reveal the population dynamics and growth status of Pseudobrama simony in the Yangtze River, a stow net, 40 m in length, 1.8 m in height and mesh size 1.86 cm, was set on Jingjiang wetland for the acquisition of 2 or 3 times a month from 2002 to 2009. The results showed that there were 73 960 fish belonging to 237 fish samples. In which, the P. simoni was 4 253 fish，accounting for 5.52 % of the total. The average catch number of P. simoni per haul was 19 while the maximum was145. Among the total 409 256.23 g of fish catch， P. simoni was 39 618.05 g，accounting for 7.67 %. The average catch weight of P. simony per haul was 180.08 g while the maximum was 1 714.6 g. Analysis indicated that monthly fish catch weight of P. simoni presented a Nonstationary Random Process. SPSS V13.0 software was used to construct the ARIMA model based on monthly fish catch data from January 2002 to December 2009 and ARIMA（1，0，0）（0，1，1）₁₂ model included an equation of (1－0.387B)（1－B¹²）lny_t=（1－0.555B¹²）e_t. The fitting precision of ARIMA model was 83.21%-93.90% from 2003 to 2009. Meanwhile, the biomass peak of P. Simony appeared from May to September, which was two or three months later than Hemiculter bleekeri , the first dominant species in the waters. The age and growth characteristics of the individual analysis for P. simoni collected in 2005 showed that the sex ratio of males to females was 2.3∶1 in the population. The males had three age groups from aged 1 to 3 and females only had two age groups from aged 1 to 2, significantly lower than the age structure of populations of Yao River and the Qiantang River. The Von bertalanffy growth equations of male were concluded as L_t=147.17×［1－e^{－0.1648×(t+3.2036)}］ , W_t=44.36×［1－e^{－0.1648×(t+3.2036)}］^2.785. The estimated parameters for Logistic growth function were L_∞=147.17 mm and W_∞=44.36 g.

Abstract:In April and May 2010, two survey cruises were carried out in Nansha islands by lightpurse seiner. The result shows that: a total of 18 species were caught, major species include Decapterus maruadsi, Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis, Gymnosarda unicolor , Euthynnus pelamis and Caranx ignobilis etc. The maximum catch reaches 5.05 t, catch per net(CPUE) was 1.256 t/net , mean catch rate was 154.95 kg/h. Yongshu and Chigua reefs have higher catch and catch rate than other areas. Different species and catch happened in different reefs and months. Tuna was caught only at Yongshu and Chigua reefs. We need more research in other places and seasons.

Abstract:Based on the data collected from the northern Antarctic Peninsula from January 23 to February 13,2010. with supporting by Antarctic Marine Living Resource Survey Programme, the present study compared the biology of Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) in the gravid stage (KRI-G). The results showed that: (1) SL range and average SL of KRIG in AR 3 is greater than that of AR 1 and AR 2. Significant difference can be found for standard length (L_S) and carapace length (L_C) distribution of KRI-G among 3 study subareas. The CL range and average CL are similar for the KRI-G between AR 1 and AR 2, but the values in AR 3 are greater than that of AR 1 and AR 2. (2) The L_CL_S relationship is not different significantly between AR 1 and AR 2, however, remarkable difference can be found between AR 3 and AR 1 or AR 2. (3) The average WW of KRI-G in AR 1 is greater than AR 2 and AR 3 and the value in AR 2 is at lowest level. Different range can be found for the wet weight of KRI-G among study subareas and significant difference can be found on WW distribution and the L_SWW relationship. (4) The feeding intensity is similar between AR 1 and AR 2, i.e., the proportion of stage Ⅰ is highest and decreasing trend can be found from stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ. Although the proportion of stage Ⅰ is highest in AR 3, the similar proportion can be found for stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅳ, and the value is lower for stage Ⅲ. Remarkable difference can be found for the feeding intensity of KRI-G among 3 study subareas. The present study can provide basic data for exploiting Antarctic krill resources and a reference for recruitment status of Antarctic krill.

Abstract:This paper points out that the existing marine administrative system in China doesn′t operate efficiently, because of lack of highlevel coordination organization,coordination mechanism; information sharing mechanisms etc. To improve our marine management system requires the establishment of comprehensive marine coordination mechanisms. The United States and Japan that have two different marine management systems attach great importance to the construction of coordination mechanisms. So,on the basis of our existing systems, to achieve the coordination of the marine integrated management and improve marine management system in our country′s, we should learn from the overseas construction experience, propose the specific recommendations of coordination mechanism for our country′s marine management: establish and improve many searelated cooperation agencies, consulting and staff agencies; build a comprehensive marine coordination organizational model chart and complete the construction of marine management information system,and build an effective platform of communication for each searelated management department.

Abstract:The sea surface wind speed is an important parameter of marine environment and satellite microwave radiometer is an important tool to monitor this parameter. In this paper, a model for retrieving the sea surface wind speed is developed using the artificial neural network (ANN), through the data sets generated between the microwave radiometer SSM/I brightness temperatures and the insitu buoy measurements. By comparing the retrieval results of different models, it is concluded that the result of the sevenchannel SANN retrieval model is closer to the buoy measured wind speed with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.40m/s. Therefore, this model is chosen to retrieve the global monthlyaverage wind speed, and the retrieval results are compared with the NOAA products. The results show that, both are very close in the overall and latitudeaverage distribution with the RMSE of 1.03 m/s. It can be seen that the algorithm for the sea surface wind speed retrieval is feasible.

Abstract:Tegillarca granosa and Ostrea plicatula were treated with ozone and chlorine dioxide for purification technique research. The water was changed each five hours during temporary cultivation, and the relative mud spit quantity was weighed after centrifugation. The ozone concentration were 0.4 mg／L, 0.8 mg／L or 1.6 mg／L, respectively ; and the chlorine dioxide concentration were 5 mg／L，10 mg／L or 20 mg／L, respectively. The results show that five hours is enough for mud spit; the total amount of bacteria was reduced to 10%, when shellfish were dipped in 0.4-1.6 mg／L ozone or 5-20mg/L chlorine dioxide for 24 hours，the number of coliform and pathogenic bacteria was brought down from exceeding the standard (GB 18406.4—2001). Packed in plastic bags and stored in refrigerator(5 ℃) , Tegillarca granosa and Ostrea plicatula were still keeping 100% living rate for 10 days. Tegillarca granosa after being purified then frozen was stored at 5 ℃ for 12 days and its microorganism number still met the standard.The concise purification procedure is: temporary cultivation for five hours, then purified with 0.4 mg/L ozone for 24 hours, at last stored in sealed nylon at 5 ℃.

Abstract:Based on survey of seven large yellow croaker farmers in Ningde of Fujian Province, the paper analyzed the cost structure and the costbenefit level of the cultured adult large yellow croaker. The research results are: (1) Feed, labor and fry costs, the total of three items amounts to about ninetyfive percent of the total cost; (2)To different farmers, the discrepancies in unit cost and cost composition are very obvious; (3)Scale cultivation has no advantage in unit cost, however, largescale company breeding has obvious superiority in breeding benefit; (4)Profit rate on costs floats in a small range, and breeding benefit of the whole industry tends to be stable. Finally, in view of the research results, this paper puts forward the following three suggestions: (1)The government should develop and further promote the artificial feeds to reduce the farming cost with scientific feeding; (2)Economic cooperation organization of mediumscale and smallscale farmers should be established to unify sales of the products and enhance the development strength of the market; (3)The government should take more actions to support the leading enterprise, so as to promote the industrialization development of cultured adult large yellow croaker.

Abstract:China's gross demand for aquatic products includes the demand for raw and processed products of urban and rural residents, net export demand and the weight loss over the process above. Based on the data of the Statistical Yearbook, weight loss part of the value and its proportion of total demand (weight loss ratio) is isolated according to the features in the process of supply and demand of aquatic products. Long term prediction of the gross demand for aquatic products is obtained through building gray system predictive models or linear prediction models or combination models with the time series data of the demand for raw and processed products of urban and rural residents, net export demand and the weight loss. From the results above, China’s total demand for aquatic products will reach 66.1841 million tons at the end of “The Twelfth Fiveyear plan”, more than 90 million tons in 2030, but not more than 100 million tons, 2-3 times of the current level.

Abstract:To enhance the cohesion and influence between young college students is essential for the development and expansion of the Party’s career and meeting the talents training target needs. However, with China’s reform and opening up and acceleration the pace of college gradually from elite education to mass education transformation, due to utilitarianism, money and other bad social ideological trend influence, uneven quality of student Party members and working method, operation mechanism, activity limitations caused by the construction of basic level party organizations and the fierce social competition under the background of poor people focus on the skills and despise the ideal faith, the current party in college student of cohesion and influence is facing challenges. To solve this problem, we must strengthen the organizational construction of the party ’s cohesive force and external force, on the one hand, strengthen the management of student Party member education, strengthen consciousness of main body, thereby strengthening the grassroots party organization cohesive force, adhere to the college student party members in the party organizations coalescing around; on the other hand, we must adhere to the advanced nature of the Party, carry forward outstanding campus culture, establish the common core values, and innovative work carrier and methods of work, thereby strengthening the college party organization at basic level of cohesion, and adhering to the university student party organization around condensed masses.

Abstract:The education of P.E. is systematic project, which is affected by teaching material, equipment, environment, and emotion of people and so on. It also makes contribution to the construction and application of emotion teaching. Emotion is a silent language and the experience of attitude of whether the objective things meet the requirements. It generates with the process of perception, and at the same time it affects perception. Emotion teaching is a critical part of Physical Education. The procedure of emotion teaching is also the procedure of spirit communication between teachers and students. Active emotion can promote the development of students’ perception and the motivation of learning. Therefore, this paper aims to theoretically explain the significance of emotion teaching, analyze the emotion factors, and give details of its implementation. The three aspects are useful for constructing positive teaching art and enhancing the enthusiasm for study, which can improve the effect of education under the consideration of emotion factors.