摘要
为进一步掌握江苏近海金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)种群生活史特征,根据在江苏沿海港口所采集的样本,利用碳氮稳定同位素分析法对金乌贼的摄食生态及营养生态位进行研究。结果表明,金乌贼雌、雄群体间
金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)隶属于头足纲(Cephalopoda)乌贼目(Sepioidea)乌贼科(Sepiidae)乌贼属(Sepia),生长发育迅速,为一年生种
摄食生态学的研究内容主要包括摄食习性、食物组成以及营养生态位等方面,是渔业生物学研究的重点内容。稳定同位素技术(Stable isotope analysis,SIA)近年来被广泛应用于头足类摄食生态研究。其原理是生物圈中的轻、重同位素在生物体内新陈代谢过程中具有复杂的分馏机
目前对于金乌贼的研究主要集中在人工繁
实验用金乌贼样品共142尾,由在江苏南通、盐城、连云港、吕泗渔场和海州湾沿海港口随机采样捕获,采样范围为119°E~122°E,31°N~36°N(
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图1 江苏近海沿岸海域调查站点图
Fig.1 Sampling stations of survey along coast of Jiangsu Province
将采集的金乌贼样本在实验室解冻后进行基础生物学测定。用皮尺和电子秤分别对个体的胴长(Mantle length)和体质量(Body mass)进行测量,其中胴长精确至1 mm,体质量精确至1 g,并以10 mm的胴长间隔对样本进行分组。区分样本性别后,对个体性腺成熟度和摄食等级进行鉴定。剪取胴体前端处肌肉约2 cm×2 cm并去除表皮,置于5 mL离心管中冷冻保存(-20 ℃)。
使用超纯水清洗肌肉组织并放入冷冻干燥机(Christ Alpha 1-4)中于-55 ℃干燥至少24 h。干燥后使用高通量组织研磨器(Scientz-48)将肌肉样品研磨成粉末。称取1~1.5 mg粉末并用锡纸包被后送入稳定同位素分析质谱仪(ISOPRIME 100)和元素分析仪(Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH,Hanau,Germany)中进行稳定同位素测定。测定结果以
(1) |
其中:X
(1)利用t检验对不同性别金乌贼
(2)利用R语言SIBER软件包中的贝叶斯标准椭圆绘制不同性别金乌贼营养生态位图,并计算营养生态位宽度(SEAc)和重叠率。根据LANGTO
(3)基于
本研究共采集142尾金乌贼样本,其中雄性77尾,雌性65尾。雄性金乌贼胴长范围为83~201 mm(131.84 mm±24.53 mm),
性别 Sex | 数目 Number/尾 | 胴长 Mantle length/mm | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 范围 Range | ||
雄性 Male | 77 | 131.84±24.53 | 83~201 | -18.00±0.51 | -19.17~-16.96 | 10.95±0.57 | 9.81~12.11 |
雌性 Female | 65 | 136.92±24.31 | 75~196 | -18.12±0.50 | -19.03~-16.88 | 10.83±0.59 | 9.80~13.05 |
在稳定同位素值与胴长的变化关系中,
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图2 金乌贼各胴长组
Fig.2 Relationship between
基于金乌贼肌肉
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图3 雌、雄金乌贼生态位标准贝叶斯椭圆图
Fig.3 Trophic niche eclipse area of male and female of S.esculenta
基于
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图4 不同胴长金乌贼稳定同位素聚类分析结果
Fig.4 Results of S.esculenta isotope clustering analysis of different mantle length
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图5 不同胴长组金乌贼营养生态位
Fig.5 Trophic niche of S.esculenta in different mantle length groups
指标 Metrics | 组别 Group | ||
---|---|---|---|
75~114 mm | 115~184 mm | 185~204 mm | |
TA/ | 1.51 | 2.20 | 1.58 |
SEA/ | 0.38 | 0.53 | 1.33 |
SEAc/ | 0.39 | 0.54 | 1.77 |
组别 Group | 75~114 mm | 115~184 mm | 185~204 mm |
---|---|---|---|
75~114 mm |
0.39 | - | - |
115~184 mm | 0.34 |
0.54 | - |
185~204 mm | 0 | 0.09 |
1.77 |
注: 表中“-”处表示此处数据省略。
Notes: The "-" in the table indicates that the data here are omitted.
在海洋生态系统中,生物体内的碳、氮稳定同位素值会受到栖息地同位素基线值和摄食习性的影
在金乌贼稳定同位素值与胴长变化关系的研究中,LOESS分析显示,随着胴长的增大
此外,LOESS曲线拟合显示
根据生物体内
通过稳定同位素技术量化评估生物的营养生态位,不仅可表征不同群体间的相互作用关系,而且能直观反映个体不同发育阶段食物来源和营养水平的相似度及变化模
(1)金乌贼
(2)雌性和雄性金乌贼的营养生态位高度重叠,雌性群体营养生态位宽度略大于雄性。反映了雌性和雄性金乌贼群体之间食物资源和栖息地利用的高度相似,雌性群体具有更高的食物和能量需求。
(3)不同发育阶段的金乌贼在营养生态位上具有明显差异。仔稚鱼-亚成鱼期的金乌贼体型较小,游泳和捕食能力较弱,营养生态位宽度较小。随着胴长增大,逐渐过渡至成鱼期的金乌贼具有更强的捕食能力和游泳能力,营养生态位宽度较大,高营养水平的猎物在其食物组成中占比增大。
(4)其他头足类的相关研究表明,肌肉脱脂处理前、后的
致谢
感谢袁健美,贲成恺,肖悦悦,祝超文,胡海生,祖凯伟在实验样本采集和实验数据分析等方面给予的帮助。
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