Study on morphological characteristics and embryonic development of the gynogenesis top mouth culter (Culter alburnus)

Abstract:

The study was based on the successful meiogynogenetic top mouth culter (Culter alburnus). We observed the embryonic development characteristics and timing differences of gynogenetic diploid and haploid, and compared with normal diploid, in order to investigate the influences of cold-shocking of the eggs in C. alburnus and improve management measures of gynogenetic embryo hatching. Also we analysed morphological characteristics of the adult gynogenesis C. alburnus. The results showed that: (1) Compared with normal embryos, the fertilization rate of gynogenetic embryos was lower while the deformity rate was higher. The haploid embryos hatching rate of haploids was lower. (2) Gynogenetic embryos displayed anomalous cells, dissolved yolk sacs, eggs membrane rupture, and haploid syndrome by cold-shocking. The death peak appeared in gustrula stage and prehatching stage for each group. (3) The developmental characteristics of gynogenetic diploids were similar to normal embryos, and gynogenetic embryos developed slowly especially from the beginning of cleavage to gustrula stage. But after the gustrula stage, the development rate was the same as the normal diploid. From the beginning of cleavage to blastula stage, the growth rate of haploid was the same as the normal embryos. But at gastrula stage, it was slower. Other developmental stages were always slow. The haploid syndrome was observed in the haploid larvae. (4) Gynogenesis group had variation characteristics.