摘要
光诱渔业有着悠久的发展历史,中国现代光诱渔业历经60多年的发展演变,已成为当前最为重要的捕捞方式之一。光诱渔业的快速发展不仅使得近海的趋光性中上层鱼类资源得到有效利用,也为积极开发利用远洋公海渔业资源提供了技术支撑。然而,光诱渔业在现阶段出现了灯光总功率竞争性增长导致能源浪费、经济效益低等负面问题,如何科学高效地利用集鱼灯已成为亟待解决的课题。为此以光诱渔业集鱼灯光场分布为核心,围绕光场分布与光诱捕捞的关系、光场分布形成机制、光场分布模型与算法等3个方向展开了系统性综述、归纳,并对未来研究进行展望,以期为相关研究提供参考。
人类利用光源展开捕捞作业有着悠久的历史。早期在海滩上点燃篝火配合长矛等器具进行捕捞,紧随其后人们开始利用椰子壳和竹筒等制成火把,这是集鱼灯和光诱渔业的雏
随着技术发展,集鱼灯光源也在快速地更新迭代。20世纪初捕捞中使用煤油灯和电灯,随后白炽灯(Incandescent light, IL)、水银灯(Mercury light, ML)、汞蒸气灯(Mercury vapor lamp, MVL)、荧光灯(Fluorescent light, FL)、高压钠灯(Pressure sodium lamps, PSL)、卤素灯(Halogen light, HL)、金属卤化物集鱼灯(Metal halide light, MHL)等相继出现,集鱼灯全面进入到电气化阶段,此阶段的光源多为非定向光
然而随着集鱼灯快速发展,一些负面效应开始显现,其中较为突出的是光源功率高和经济效益低、捕捞效率低等问题,以日本为首的研究指出灯光功率盲目增加会导致渔船经济效益下
集鱼灯在捕捞作业过程中起到诱集和稳定鱼群的作用,是保证捕捞成功的关
在灯光围网作业
秋刀鱼舷提网作业
灯光鱿钓作
可以看出,由于目标渔获物的趋光性不同,不同作业方式对于渔船周围的光场分布也提出了不同的需求,例如秋刀鱼舷提
光学照明系统是一个复杂、庞大的系统。其各个环节的参数调整都会影响光诱渔船的光场分布,本研究总结了集鱼灯光源功率、灯具安装、光源光谱以及传输介质等因素对光场分布的影响。
ARAKAWA
除光源功率外,灯具安装方式也是影响光场分布的关键因素之一。MHL集鱼灯的布置参数包括灯间距、灯组间距、灯组与船舷等方面。陈新军
可以看出,对于MHL集鱼灯而言,通过灯具布置可以改变灯光利用率,但调整影响程度较小;对于LED集鱼灯或者带有反光罩的灯具,灯光角度安装对于光场分布有显著影响。灯具布置与光场关系研究难点在于光源自身发光特征的建模,模型往往存在过拟合导致不具有通用性,特别是随着LED集鱼灯产品迭代更新,灯具发光特点各异,后续研究应深入探索LED模块光学特性的影响。
光源光谱特性对光场分布同样具有不可忽视的作用。钱卫国
孔祥洪
戴明云
PARK
作业方式 Operating method | 主要目标渔获物Main target catches | 灯光配置 Lighting configurations | 试验水域 Test area | 经纬度 Longitude and latitude | 照度与深度关系 Illumination(y) vs. depth(x) | 参考文献 References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灯光抄网 Lighting scoop fishery |
日本鳀 Engraulis japonicus | IL(1 kW×1) | 韩国南海 |
33°34′N, 126°43′E | y = |
[ |
灯光抄网 Lighting scoop fishery |
日本鳀 Engraulis japonicus | IL(1 kW×1) | 韩国济州岛 | - | y = |
[ |
灯光抄网 Lighting scoop fishery |
日本鳀 Engraulis japonicus | IL(2 kW×1) | 韩国济州岛 | - | y = |
[ |
灯光鱿钓 Lighting squid jigging | - | MHL(1 kW×1) | 西北印度洋 | - | y = |
[ |
灯光鱿钓 Lighting squid jigging |
茎柔鱼 Dosidicus gigas | MHL(2 kW×168)+MHL(10 kW×2) | 西北太平洋 |
44°03′N, 154°36′E | y = |
[ |
灯光鱿鱼敷网 Lighting falling net | - | MHL(1 kW×262) | 中国南海 |
24°42′N, 118°46′E |
y =
|
[ |
灯光鱿鱼敷网 Lighting falling net | - | MHL(1 kW×174) | 中国南海 |
24°42′N, 118°46′E |
y =
|
[ |
灯光鱿鱼敷网 Lighting falling net | - | MHL(1 kW×92) | 中国南海 |
24°42′N, 118°46′E | y = |
[ |
灯光鱿钓 Lighting squid jigging |
茎柔鱼 Dosidicus gigas | MHL(2 kW×180) | 智利外海 |
37°30′S, 78°38′W | y = |
[ |
灯光鱿钓 Lighting squid jigging |
茎柔鱼 Dosidicus gigas | MHL(2 kW×120) | 智利外海 |
37°30′S, 78°38′W | y = |
[ |
在分析了光场分布的影响因素之后,进一步探讨与之相关的建模方法对于深入理解光诱渔业的光场分布特性至关重要。集鱼灯的光学特性建模是理论计算的重要环节,现有研究的方向集中在建立数学解析式以表征灯具不同空间方向的强度。
点光源模型(Point source model,PM)假定灯具的光场分布各向同性,遵循余弦定理和光束直线传播定律计算被照射位置的照度
(1) |
式中:E为被照射点的照度, lx;R为被照射点与光源的线性距离, m;为光束在被照射点处的入射角, rad;I0 为点光源表面光强, cd。
计算海面以下被照射点的照度,则需要在PM模型基础上考虑光束在海面入射率的问题,光束在海面的入射率计算公式为
(2) |
式中:B为入射率;β为入射角对应的光束折射角,rad。
因此,计算光束在水面以下特定位置的照度值计算公式为
(3) |
PM模型适用于以下2种场景。第一种,将单艘光诱船所有光源当成点光源。光诱渔业发展初期,灯具以白炽灯、铊铟
线光源模型(Line source model,LM)将渔船单侧串联的集鱼灯组视作一个线性发光
(4) |
式中:L为船舷一侧集鱼灯组长度, m;h为集鱼灯距离水面高度, m;d为被照射点与集鱼灯水平距离, m;为单位长度光源在被照射点方向的光强, cd。
LM模型综合考虑了集鱼灯光束出射角影响、光束在海面的折射和反射作用,因此计算多个串联成线的集鱼灯组光诱渔船周围的海面照度准确率要高于PM模
随后,为了计算海水中的照度分布,SOKJIN
考虑到MHL集鱼灯几何外形,肖启华
(5) |
式中:为海面上水平距离为的被照处的照度值;,k为单个MHL集鱼灯的光通量, lm,S为等效圆柱体表面积, ;a为等效圆柱体底面半径, m;为集鱼灯距离水面的高度, m;。该方法适用于灯具表面积大、计算点与灯具之间距离小的光场分布的计算。计算模型原点为以圆柱体中心轴和海面的交点。
实际测量过程中发现,MHL集鱼灯由于内部构造等问题,表面光强并非均匀分布,因此钱卫国
(6) |
式中:和为第1列和第2列集鱼灯组第i和第j个集鱼灯投射到被照处产生的照度值, lx;h为集鱼灯距离水面的高度, m;d为灯与灯之间的间距(灯间距),m;k为两列集鱼灯组之间的间距(组间距),m。
与SM模
经验模型(Empirical algorithm, EA)是20世纪70年代郑国
(7) |
(8) |
式中:为第L列第N个光源在海面上P点(与船舷距离为)的照度值,lx;为P点位置深度为Z处的被照射点的照度值,lx;I为光源发光强度,其中1 kW型铊铟灯I取1 764,1 kW型白炽灯I取1 591.6,cd;h为集鱼灯距离水面的高度;为P点处光能光能折反比,折反比遵循菲涅耳反射定律;为海水介质的体积衰减系数,白炽灯体积衰减系数取1.7,铊铟灯体积衰减系数取1.63;为照度仪测量的误差修正系数,铊铟灯修正系数取0.314 8,白炽灯修正系数取0.354 5。此外,计算过程中假定光源各向均匀发光。
水下灯在水中点的光照度计算公式:
(9) |
式中:K为多次散射系数,白炽灯取,铊铟灯取。
由于几何光学模型无法求解海面波动状态折射问题、光束在海水中多次散射等问题,研究人员应用蒙特卡洛算法(Monte carlo,MC)探索集鱼灯光场分布问
几何光学算法适用于平静海面前提下的水下光场分布计算,解释了光源功率对集鱼灯光场分布范围的影响、集鱼灯灯具安装对集鱼灯光场分布范围的影响等问题。从光源角度而言,几何光学算法建模比较适用于非定向光源,例如白炽灯、金属卤化物集鱼灯等(
算法 Method | 假定条件 Assumptions | 光源类型 Light source | 优劣性 Pros and cons |
---|---|---|---|
点光源模 Point source model |
• 空间四周光强相等 • 光强取决于总光通量 • 遵循余弦定理 | IL |
• 适于远距离被照点的照度值计算 • 未考虑集鱼灯配光曲线 • 未考虑光色差异、光谱组成 |
线光源模 Line source model |
• 单侧整个灯组视为连续发光体 • 船舷两侧灯具距离过近则等效为一列 | MHL |
• 适用于计算远距离被照射点的照度值 • 考虑了配光曲线分布 |
圆柱体模 Surface light source integration method |
• 直筒型MHL表面光强均匀分布 • 集鱼灯等效为标准圆柱体 | MHL |
• 考虑了配光曲线分布 • 未考虑水平方向光强分布 • 近距离被照射点计算值大于实测值 |
经验模 Empirical algorithm | • 光源空间四周光强相等 | IL、TIL |
• 适合IL、TIL照明系统 • 未考虑配光曲线 |
综上所述,现有研究在光诱渔船光场分布的形成机制、算法与模型方面取得显著成果:(1)光场分布形成机制方面,灯光渔船光场分布主要受到集鱼灯配置、传输介质的影响,其主要结论包括:渔船灯光功率与渔获量呈现非线性关系;对非定向光源而言,灯光配置的调整光场分布影响相对较小;水气界面能够反射一部分光束能量进而影响光场;海水对不同波长光束有不同透射率等;(2)光场分布算法与建模方面,研究集中在集鱼灯光源光度分布建模以及集鱼灯在船舶上的空间分布建模;另外本研究也对光场分布模型与算法进行了汇总和比较,指出了算法的优缺点和适用范围。然而现有研究仍存在一些不足:研究内容方面,传输介质对光场分布影响研究尚显薄弱,缺乏深入讨论;在研究方法上,多数研究采用几何光学算法,可能导致建模方面有较大局限性。因此后续研究可尝试运用蒙特卡洛方法从微观视角深入探究光场分布的形成机制,特别是例如空气和海水及其溶解物、悬浮颗粒等传输介质对光场分布的影响的研究,以弥补现有研究的缺陷。更进一步,后续研究建议引入传感器技术、智能算法以及自动化控制设备,融合光场分布计算方法与渔探仪实时数据,运用关联分析、趋势预测等手段挖掘数据价值,搭建渔船智能集鱼灯灯光控制系统。此系统能够实时感知鱼群动态和光照环境,自主做出决策,精准调控灯光强度、颜色、闪烁频率等参数,有效提升光诱捕鱼的效率与精准度,助力灯光控制朝着智能化、自动化方向迈进,进而推动渔业智能化升级。
利益冲突
作者声明本文无利益冲突。
参考文献
BEN-YAMI M. Fishing with light-FAO fishing manuals[M]. Farnham: International Review of Hydrobiology, 1978: 585. [百度学术]
AN H C. Research on artificial light sources for light fishing, with a focus on squid jigging[C]//Symposium on the Light Session and the Topic Group Lights. Bangko: ICES-FAO Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour, 2013. [百度学术]
WISUDO S H, SAKAI H, TAKEDA S, et al. Total lumen estimation of fishing lamp by means of Rousseau diagram analysis with Lux measurement[J]. Fisheries Science, 2002, 68(s1): 479-480. [百度学术]
CIRIACO S, MARCHESAN M, VERGINELLA L, et al. Preliminary observations on the effects of artificial light on the marine environment, with special reference to three fish species of commercial value protected by Miramare Marine Reserve[J]. Bollettino Di Geofisica Teorica Ed Applicata, 2003, 44(1): 19-26. [百度学术]
MARCHESAN M, SPOTO M, VERGINELLA L, et al. Behavioural effects of artificial light on fish species of commercial interest[J]. Fisheries Research, 2005, 73(1/2): 171-185. [百度学术]
KEHAYIAS G, BOULIOPOULOS D, CHIOTIS N, et al. A photovoltaic-battery-LED lamp raft design for purse seine fishery: application in a large Mediterranean lake[J]. Fisheries Research, 2016, 177: 18-23. [百度学术]
DOUGLAS R H, PARTRIDGE J C, MARSHALL N J. The eyes of deep-sea fish I: lens pigmentation, tapeta and visual pigments[J]. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 1998, 17(4): 597-636. [百度学术]
ANONGPONYOSKUN M, AWAIWANONT K, ANANPONGSUK S, et al. Comparison of different light spectra in fishing lamps[J]. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2011, 45(5): 856-862. [百度学术]
BREEN M. An introduction to light and its measurement when investigating fish behaviour[C]//Symposium on Impacts of Fishing on the Environment: ICES-FAO Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour. Bangkok, 2013. [百度学术]
RYER C H, STONER A W, ISERI P J, et al. Effects of simulated underwater vehicle lighting on fish behavior[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2009, 391: 97-106. [百度学术]
BRADBURN M J, KELLER A A. Impact of light on catch rate of four demersal fish species during the 2009-2010 U.S. west coast groundfish bottom trawl survey[J]. Fisheries Research, 2015, 164: 193-200. [百度学术]
MATSUI H, TAKAYAMA G, SAKURAI Y. Physiological response of the eye to different colored light-emitting diodes in Japanese flying squid Todarodes pacificus[J]. Fisheries Science, 2016, 82(2): 303-309. [百度学术]
钱卫国, 陈新军, 郑波. 集鱼灯灯光分布及茎柔鱼钓捕效果分析[J]. 上海水产大学学报, 2007, 16(6): 580-585. [百度学术]
QIAN W G, CHEN X J, ZHENG B. Analysis on intensity of illumination distribution of gathering-fish lamp and its fishing efficiency in the squid jigging of Dosidicus gigas[J]. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University, 2007, 16(6): 580-585. [百度学术]
王伟杰, 钱卫国, 孔祥洪, 等. LED集鱼灯在海中的光谱分布及使用效果分析[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2015, 24(4): 610-616. [百度学术]
WANG W J, QIAN W G, KONG X H, et al. Analysis of LED fish-attracting lamp spectrum distribution in water and its catch performance[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2015, 24(4): 610-616. [百度学术]
钱卫国, 官文江, 陈新军. 1 kW国产金属卤化物灯光学特性及其应用[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2012, 21(3): 439-444. [百度学术]
QIAN W G, GUAN W J, CHEN X J. The optical characteristics of domestic metal halide lamp (1 kW) and its applications[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2012, 21(3): 439-444. [百度学术]
易明华, 官文江, 陈新军. 基于理想自由分布理论对CPUE与渔业资源关系的探讨——以我国近海鲐灯光围网渔业为例[J]. 大连水产学院学报, 2009, 24(4): 325-330. [百度学术]
YI M H, GUAN W J, CHEN X J. The relationship between CPUE and fish abundance based on ideal free distribution theory: take the large light purse seine fishery of mackerel in Yellow Sea and East China Sea as an example[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2009, 24(4): 325-330. [百度学术]
沙锋, 钱卫国, 吴仲琪, 等. 鲐鱼灯光围网渔船水上集鱼灯水中照度分布及优化配置的理论计算[J]. 海洋学研究, 2013, 31(1): 85-90. [百度学术]
SHA F, QIAN W G, WU Z Q, et al. The theoretical calculations of underwater irradiance of upper water fish aggregation lamps and its optimal allocation in light purse seine vessels for chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2013, 31(1): 85-90. [百度学术]
侍炯, 钱卫国, 杨卢明. 鲐鱼灯光围网渔船合适作业间距的理论研究[J]. 南方水产科学, 2013, 9(4): 82-86. [百度学术]
SHI J, QIAN W G, YANG L M. The theoretical study on suitable spacing between of light purse seine vessels for chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2013, 9(4): 82-86. [百度学术]
王周雷. 西北太平洋秋刀鱼捕捞技术初步研究[D]. 舟山: 浙江海洋大学, 2017. [百度学术]
WANG Z L. Preliminary research of the western Pacific saury fishing technique[D]. Zhoushan: Zhejiang Ocean University, 2017. [百度学术]
李杰, 晏磊, 杨炳忠, 等. 4种集鱼灯在灯光罩网作业中的渔获效果分析[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2018, 27(5): 773-780. [百度学术]
LI J, YAN L, YANG B Z, et al. Analysis of catch rates of 4 kinds of lamps in the falling-net fishery[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2018, 27(5): 773-780. [百度学术]
谢恩阁, 吴洽儿, 周艳波, 等. 基于北斗船位数据灯光罩网渔船作业状态特征的提取和验证[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2020, 29(3): 392-400. [百度学术]
XIE E G, WU Q E, ZHOU Y B, et al. Extraction and verification of operational state characteristics of light shield net vessels based on Beidou vessel position data[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2020, 29(3): 392-400. [百度学术]
谢恩阁, 周艳波, 冯菲, 等. 中国南海外海鸢乌贼灯光罩网渔业CPUE标准化研究[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2020, 35(3): 439-446. [百度学术]
XIE E G, ZHOU Y B, FENG F, et al. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) standardization of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis for Chinese large-scale lightingnet fishery in the open sea of South China Sea[J]. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2020, 35(3): 439-446. [百度学术]
戴天元, 沈长春, 冯森, 等. 光诱渔船集鱼灯的光照度分布及其适渔性能分析[J]. 福建水产, 2007(1): 27-31. [百度学术]
DAI T Y, SHEN C C, FENG S, et al. Analysis on intensity of illumination distribution of gathering-fish lamp and its suitable fishing performance in the light - fishing boat[J]. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 2007(1): 27-31. [百度学术]
董秀强. 西北太平洋灯诱围网和敷网渔获物组成及其对渔业资源的影响[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2018. [百度学术]
DONG X Q. The different of catch composition and effects on the fishery resource of light lift net and light purse seine in northwest Pacific[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2018. [百度学术]
INADA H, ARIMOTO T. Trends on research and development of fishing light in Japan[J]. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan, 2007, 91(4): 199-209. [百度学术]
SOLOMON O O, AHMED O O. Fishing with light: ecological consequences for coastal habitats[J]. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2016, 4(2): 474-483. [百度学术]
MATSUSHITA Y, YAMASHITA Y. Effect of a stepwise lighting method termed "stage reduced lighting'' using LED and metal halide fishing lamps in the Japanese common squid jigging fishery[J]. Fisheries Science, 2012, 78(5): 977-983. [百度学术]
YAMASHITA Y, MATSUSHITA Y, AZUNO T. Catch performance of coastal squid jigging boats using LED panels in combination with metal halide lamps[J]. Fisheries Research, 2012, 113(1): 182-189. [百度学术]
HUA L T, XING J. Research on LED fishing light[J]. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2013, 5(16): 4138-4141. [百度学术]
YEH N, YEH P, SHIH N, et al. Applications of light-emitting diodes in researches conducted in aquatic environment[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 32: 611-618. [百度学术]
NGUYEN K Q, TRAN P D. Benefits of using LED light for purse seine fisheries: a case study in Ninh Thuan Province, Viet Nam[J]. Fish for the People, 2015, 13(1): 30-36. [百度学术]
AN Y I. Comparison of the catch performance between traditional green jig and silver-white jig of squid jigging in Korea[J]. Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology, 2017, 53(3): 211-218. [百度学术]
CHOI S, NAKAMURA Y. Analysis of the optimum light source output and lighting management in coastal squid jigging boat[J]. Journal of Fisheries Engineering, 2003, 40(1): 39-46. [百度学术]
陈新军, 钱卫国, 郑奕. 鱿钓船灯光诱效利用的初步研究[J]. 上海水产大学学报, 2004, 13(2): 176-179. [百度学术]
CHEN X J, QIAN W G, ZHENG Y. Preliminary study on available utilization of light on squid jigging vessel[J]. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University, 2004, 13(2): 176-179. [百度学术]
KUO C Y, SHEN S C. Design of Secondary Lens for LED Fishing Lamps to Evaluation Catches Energy Efficiency in Saury Fishing[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6:66664-66672. [百度学术]
ARAKAWA H, CHOI S, ARIMOTO T, et al. Relationship between underwater irradiance and distribution of Japanese common squid under fishing lights of a squid jigging boat[J]. Fisheries Science, 1998, 64(4): 553-557. [百度学术]
ARAKAWA H, CHOI S, ARIMOTO T, et al. Underwater irradiance distribution of fishing lights used by small-type squid jigging boat[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1996, 62(3): 420-427. [百度学术]
孔祥洪, 陈新军, 王伟杰, 等. 基于菲涅耳现象的LED集鱼灯最佳入射角研究[J]. 水产学报, 2015, 39(3): 455-462. [百度学术]
KONG X H, CHEN X J, WANG W J, et al. The optimum incidence angle of LED fish aggregation lamp based on Fresnel phenomenon[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2015, 39(3): 455-462. [百度学术]
LI F, HUA C X, ZHU Q C, et al. Optimization of LED fishing lamp allocation based on numerical modeling in Pacific saury fishery[J]. Fisheries Science, 2021, 87(3): 283-296. [百度学术]
花传祥, 朱清澄, 夏辉, 等. 不同倾角的秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱照度实验比较研究[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2015, 24(4): 603-609. [百度学术]
HUA C X, ZHU Q C, XIA H, et al. Comparative experiment of aggregation light for Pacific saury fishery at different inclinations[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2015, 24(4): 603-609. [百度学术]
钱卫国, 陈新军, 雷林. 300 W型绿光LED集鱼灯的光学特性[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2012, 27(5): 471-476. [百度学术]
QIAN W G, CHEN X J, LEI L. The optical characteristics of 300 W green light LED lamps used for fish aggregation[J]. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2012, 27(5): 471-476. [百度学术]
JO H S, OH T Y, KIM Y S, et al. Transmittance properties of fishing lamp in distant-water squid jigging vessel[J]. Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology, 2006, 42(4): 228-233. [百度学术]
钱卫国, 陈新军, 钱雪龙, 等. 300 W型LED集鱼灯光学特性及其节能效果分析[J]. 海洋渔业, 2011, 33(1): 99-105. [百度学术]
QIAN W G, CHEN X J, QIAN X L, et al. The optical characteristics of LED fish aggregation lamp (300 W) and its energy efficiency[J]. Marine Fisheries, 2011, 33(1): 99-105. [百度学术]
官文江, 钱卫国, 陈新军. 应用Monte Carlo方法计算水上集鱼灯向下辐照度在一类海水中的分布[J]. 水产学报, 2010, 34(10): 1595-1604. [百度学术]
GUAN W J, QIAN W G, CHEN X J. Computing underwater downward irradiance of fish aggregation lamps in class I ocean water based on Monte Carlo method[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2010, 34(10): 1595-1604. [百度学术]
戴明云, 钱卫国, 官文江, 等. 基于蒙特卡洛方法的集鱼灯海面照度模型建立[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2021, 30(6): 1055-1066. [百度学术]
DAI M Y, QIAN W G, GUAN W J, et al. Establishment of sea surface illuminance model of fishing lamps based on Monte Carlo method[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2021, 30(6): 1055-1066. [百度学术]
PARK S W, BAE B S, AN H C. Transmittance characteristics of fishing lamp in the anchovy scoop fishery[J]. Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology, 2001, 37(2): 117-123. [百度学术]
王伟杰. 集鱼灯光场分布数值模拟及其应用研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2023. [百度学术]
WANG W J. Research on numerical simulation of light field distribution of fishing lamp and its applications[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2023. [百度学术]
PARK S W, BAE B S, AN H C, et al. Transmittance characteristics by candlepower of incandescent lamp[J]. Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology, 2002, 38(4): 293-299. [百度学术]
王飞, 钱卫国. 智利外海茎柔鱼渔场集鱼灯灯光的配置[J]. 水产学报, 2008, 32(2): 279-286. [百度学术]
WANG F, QIAN W G. Study on the effective utilization of fish-attracting light power in the fishing ground of Dosidicus gigas off Chile[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2008, 32(2): 279-286. [百度学术]
柳川三郎. 集鱼灯の特性に关系研究ゐ研究-I点光源にょる水中照度の计算法につぃこ[J]. 东水大研报, 1973, 1: 1-7. [百度学术]
SABURO Y. Study on the characteristics of fish lamp: calculation method of illuminance in water of point light source[J]. Journal of Tokyo Fisheries University, 1973, 1: 1-7. [百度学术]
BAE J H, AN H C, KIM M K, et al. Simulation of undewater irradiance distribution in coastal squid jigging vessel using the LED and metal halide fishing lamp combination[J]. Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology, 2014, 50(4): 511-519. [百度学术]
BORN M, WOLF E. Principles of optics[M]. 7th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. [百度学术]
CHOI S, NAKAMURA Y, ARIMOTO T. Horizontal illuminance of line source model for fishing lamps around the coastal squid jigging boats[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1997, 63(2): 160-165. [百度学术]
SOKJIN C, ARAKAWA H, ARIMOTO T, et al. Underwater illuminance of line light source model for fishing lamps of coastal squid jigging boats[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 2003, 69(1): 44-51. [百度学术]
肖启华, 张丽蕊. 光诱渔业中光强分布的理论研究及其应用[J]. 上海水产大学学报, 2007, 16(6): 613-617. [百度学术]
XIAO Q H, ZHANG L R. Theoretical research and application of illumination distribution in light attracting squid fisheries[J]. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University, 2007, 16(6): 613-617. [百度学术]
钱卫国, 王飞. 集鱼灯海面照度计算方法的比较研究[J]. 浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版), 2004, 23(4): 285-290. [百度学术]
QIAN W G, WANG F. Comparative study on the calculated methods of illuminate of sea surface about aggregating fish lamps[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science), 2004, 23(4): 285-290. [百度学术]
钱卫国, 孙满昌. 大型专业鱿钓渔船合适作业间距的研究[J]. 大连水产学院学报, 2006, 21(4): 311-315. [百度学术]
QIAN W G, SUN M C. The available operation distance between large-scale special squid jigging vessels[J]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2006, 21(4): 311-315. [百度学术]
钱卫国, 王飞, 孙满昌, 等. 8154型鱿钓渔船合适作业间距的研究[J]. 浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版), 2006, 25(1): 34-39. [百度学术]
QIAN W G, WANG F, SUN M C, et al. Study on the available operation distance between M8154 squid jigging vessels[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science), 2006, 25(1): 34-39. [百度学术]
郑国富. 诱鱼灯光场计算及其对光诱鱿鱼浮拖网作业的影响[J]. 台湾海峡, 1999, 18(2): 215-220. [百度学术]
ZHENG G F. Light-field calculation of light-attraction lamp and discussion on its suitabilities to fishing gear and methods in light-pelagic trawl for squid[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 1999, 18(2): 215-220. [百度学术]
张涤. 基于蒙特卡洛方法的水下可见光通信信道特性分析[D]. 南京: 南京邮电大学, 2016. [百度学术]
ZHANG D. Characterization of channel for underwater visible light communication based on Monte Carlo simulation[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2016. [百度学术]
ELAMASSIE M, MIRAMIRKHANI F, UYSAL M. Performance characterization of underwater visible light communication[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2019, 67(1): 543-552. [百度学术]
STICKLUS J, HOEHER P A, RÖTTGERS R. Optical underwater communication: the potential of using converted green LEDs in coastal waters[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2019, 44(2): 535-547. [百度学术]