摘要
为探究茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)食性和洄游模式的变动规律及其与异常气候事件和捕捞强度变化的潜在关系,本研究选取中东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼,通过测定其内壳连续切割片段碳、氮稳定同位素比值(
茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)是重要的大洋性经济头足类,广泛分布于东太平洋,资源量丰
稳定同位素技术广泛应用于海洋生物营养生态学研
本研究选取了2018—2021年中国鱿钓船在中东太平洋捕捞的茎柔鱼样本进行研究。样本经冷冻后运输回实验室,解冻后进行基础生物学测量。选取各年份捕获日期相近、捕捞地点位于中东太平洋赤道海域内(5°N~5°S,95°W~110°W)的茎柔鱼个体用于后续研究(

图1 茎柔鱼采样站点
Fig.1 Sampling locations of Dosidicus gigas

图2 茎柔鱼内壳横截图
Fig.2 Schematic figure of Dosidicus gigas gladius
称取内壳粉末约1.2 mg,使用锡舟包裹后,通过元素分析仪(IsoPrime 100)和稳定同位素分析质谱仪(vario ISOTOPE cube)进行测定。每10个样本放入3个实验室标准品(蛋白质:
为了分析不同气候条件对茎柔鱼营养生态位的潜在影响,本研究基于美国NOAA气候预报中心(https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monit-oring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php)发布的海洋尼诺指数(Oceanic Niño index,ONI)对样本采集时间所处的气候背景进行划分;以海表面温度(Sea surface temperature,SST)和叶绿素a质量浓度(Chlorophyll-a mass concentration,Chl.a)表征栖息环境,数据来自哥白尼海洋环境观测服务中心(The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service,CMEMS)官方网站(https://marine.copernicus.eu/),时间为2017年11月—2021年12月,将上述环境均处理为时间分辨率为月。根据本研究采样站位的经纬度范围,绘制月平均SST和月平均Chl.a折线图,用于探究SST和Chl.a与茎柔鱼生态位变动的潜在关系。
根据茎柔鱼内壳叶轴生长方程,连续取样的内壳片段稳定同位素序列可反映茎柔鱼生长过程中营养模式的变动情
本研究中38尾茎柔鱼的胴长为20.2~36.2 cm。通过茎柔鱼胴长与日龄计算公式计算可
采样时间 Sampling data | 样本量 Sample size/尾 | 胴长 Mantle length/cm | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2018.07 | 10 | 31.2 ± 4.0 | -19.01 ± 0.03 | 3.34 ± 0.09 |
2019.03 | 8 | 25.4 ± 2.2 | -18.74 ± 0.04 | 3.68 ± 0.18 |
2020.12 | 10 | 25.0 ± 3.9 | -18.30 ± 0.28 | 2.11 ± 0.71 |
2021.12 | 10 | 25.9 ± 1.0 | -18.83 ± 0.18 | 2.22 ± 0.88 |
2018年茎柔鱼内壳

图3 各年份茎柔鱼内壳叶轴
Fig.3 Variations of
SEAC结果显示,茎柔鱼的营养生态位存在年间差异(P<0.01)。SEAC最小值出现在2019年茎柔鱼的生活史后期,而最大值位于2020年茎柔鱼的生活史后期(

图4 茎柔鱼营养生态位随个体生长变化
Fig.4 Ontogenic variations in the values of the trophic niche of Dosidicus gigas
根据ONI,本研究中2019年茎柔鱼经历了厄尔尼诺时期,而其他3年样本处于拉尼娜时期(

图5 本研究采样时期(灰)与厄尔尼诺(红)和拉尼娜(蓝)事件时期示意图
Fig.5 Schematic illustration of sampling period (gray), El Niño (red) and La Niña (blue) events

图6 研究海域月均海表面温度及叶绿素a质量浓度
Fig.6 Monthly mean chlorophyl-a mass concentration and sea surface temperature of the studied area
作为短生命周期海洋动物,茎柔鱼的摄食和洄游行为易受环境变动影响,并可在其机体组织的稳定同位素特征中得到体
同理,拉尼娜的发生也会对茎柔鱼的食性和洄游模式造成影
本研究中2019年茎柔鱼群体营养生态位面积较小,且在生活史后期出现最小值,这可能与厄尔尼诺引起的SST升高有关(
在发生拉尼娜的年份,2018年茎柔鱼不同生长阶段的营养生态位相似,说明其群体生态弹性相对稳定。而2020和2021年茎柔鱼的营养生态位面积在生活史后期出现较高水平,这可能与自主休渔措施有关。已有研究表明,实施自主休渔措施后,研究海域的茎柔鱼资源量高于未休渔年
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