摘要
为了解配合饲料和冰鲜鱼养殖的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)囤养期间营养品质,本研究用配合饲料养殖的中华绒螯蟹和冰鲜鱼养殖的中华绒螯蟹进行为期3个月的囤养,比较可食率、常规营养物质、脂肪酸和游离氨基酸组成。结果表明:囤养期间,两种饵料中华绒螯蟹性腺指数呈上升趋势,肝胰腺指数和总可食率呈下降趋势,出肉率无显著性变化;囤养期间,两种饵料中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺水分和蛋白质含量呈上升趋势,脂肪含量呈下降趋势,性腺脂肪呈下降趋势,肌肉中营养物质无明显变化;配合饲料中华绒螯蟹可食组织(除精巢外)C18∶2n6(LA)含量显著高于冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹,而肝胰腺和卵巢中EPA和DHA含量显著低于冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹。囤养过后,配合饲料中华绒螯蟹可食组织C18∶2n6(LA)、C20∶4n6(ARA)、∑n-6PUFA含量增加且显著高于冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹,冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹可食组织EPA、DHA和∑n-3PUFA含量增加且显著高于配合饲料中华绒螯蟹;两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养过后肌肉当中甜味氨基酸(Gly)含量增加,而苦味氨基酸(His、Ary、Pro)含量降低,性腺当中鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量下降。综上所述,两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间未出现明显的“掉膏”现象,但可食组织营养物质有明显的流失尤其是肝胰腺,从脂肪酸和氨基酸来看,囤养期间配合饲料中华绒螯蟹LA和ARA含量增加,冰鲜鱼河蟹EPA和DHA含量增加,整体而言囤养对中华绒螯蟹脂肪酸有一定优化作用,肌肉的甜味氨基酸含量增加,而性腺当中鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量下降,整体品质变差。
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)俗称河蟹,具有很高的经济价值和食用价值,是我国重要的淡水经济蟹类之
每年秋季中华绒螯蟹等水产品大量上市造成市场积压,严重影响养殖效益,囤养不仅可以克服上市集中而且还可以延长中华绒螯蟹上市的时
本实验采用室外网箱进行中华绒螯蟹囤养实验,定期采样,观察和测定性腺、肝胰腺的变化情况,囤养前后测定可食组织脂肪酸和游离氨基酸含量。比较配合饲料养殖和冰鲜鱼养殖的中华绒螯蟹囤养期间的营养品质,为囤养和配合饲料的推广应用提供科学参考和理论基础。
2020年10月—2021年2月,在上海海洋大学崇明基地选择4个面积相等的水泥池塘(12.50 m×10.00 m),深1.4 m左右。为了采样方便和实验管理,在每个池塘用竹竿搭建3个网箱(2.0 m×2.0 m×1.0 m,网目40),内外缝合有30 cm的防逃网。因为雄蟹打斗激烈且可能有假抱的现象雌雄蟹分开囤养,每个网箱放50只河蟹。2020年11月15日开始实验,分为2个处理组(配合饲料中华绒螯蟹,CF;冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹,CTF),每个处理3个平行,网箱中放一定量的伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)减少中华绒螯蟹间打斗和保温作用,由于气温太低,中华绒螯蟹几乎不摄食,实验期间不投喂。每天检查中华绒螯蟹是否死亡,如有死亡及时取出,保持池塘水深为0.90~1.10 m,半个月测定1次水质,实验期间溶氧保持在8.85~11.32 mg/L,pH为7.8~8.0,铵态氮保持在0~0.2 mg/L,亚硝盐0.005 mg/L。囤养前(成蟹养殖期)中华绒螯蟹摄食配合饲料和冰鲜鱼的常规营养成分和脂肪酸组成见
项目 Items | 水分 Moisture | 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 粗脂肪 Crude lipid | 灰分 Ash |
---|---|---|---|---|
配合饲料 Compound feed |
9.42±0.1 |
38.68±0.2 |
11.64±0.1 | 10.31±0.24 |
冰鲜鱼 Trash fish |
74.40±0.1 |
64.89±1.8 |
8.85±0.3 | 11.90±1.30 |
注: 不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Different letters indicate significant differences(P<0.05).
脂肪酸 Fatty acids | 配合饲料Compound feed | 冰鲜鱼 Trash fish |
---|---|---|
C14∶0 |
0.36±0.0 |
2.96±0.1 |
C15∶0 |
0.05± |
0.66±0.0 |
C16∶0 |
11.3±0.1 |
12.99±0.2 |
C17∶0 |
0.03± |
0.65±0.0 |
C18∶0 |
2.16±0.0 |
3.54±0.0 |
C19∶0 | - | 0.18±0.02 |
C20∶0 |
0.23±0.0 |
0.56±0.0 |
C22∶0 |
0.27±0.0 |
0.13± |
Σ SFA |
14.4±0.1 |
21.67±0.4 |
C16∶1n7 |
1.03±0.1 |
7.17±0.2 |
C17∶1n7 |
0.06±0.0 |
0.35±0.1 |
C18∶1n9 |
30.52±0.1 |
7.33±0.0 |
C18∶1n7 |
2.02±0.0 |
2.54±0.1 |
C20∶1n9 |
0.85±0.0 |
1.92±0.0 |
C22∶1n9 |
0.59± |
2.73±0.0 |
Σ MUFA |
35.06±0.2 |
22.05±0.3 |
C18∶2n6(LA) |
38.47±0.1 |
1.69±0.1 |
C18∶3n3(LNA) |
6.42±0.1 |
0.87±0.0 |
C20∶2n6 |
0.11± |
0.26±0.0 |
C20∶4n6(ARA) |
0.25± |
1.77±0.0 |
C20∶5n3(EPA) |
1.67±0.0 |
11.72±0.2 |
C22∶5n6 |
0.09±0.0 |
0.93±0.0 |
C22∶5n3 |
0.17± |
1.14±0.0 |
C22∶6n3(DHA) |
1.54±0.0 |
29.50±0.3 |
Σ PUFA | 48.72±0.23 | 47.88±0.70 |
注: 不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Different letters indicate significant differences(P<0.05).
于2020年11月—2021年2月每个月中旬采样,从每个网箱随机挑选3只,擦去体表水分,用电子秤称量中华绒螯蟹体质量,活体解剖取出肝胰腺和性腺,称量,用剪刀和镊子刮取肌肉称量,做好标记保存于-20 ℃冰箱中用于后续测定。
根据体质量、肝胰腺重、性腺重、肌肉重计算中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺指数(Hepatosomatic index, HSI)、性腺指数(Gonadosomatic index, GSI)和出肉率(Meat yield, MY),然后计算总可食率(Total edible yield, TEY)。计算公式
IHSI=100%×WH/W | (1) |
IGSI=100%×WG/W | (2) |
YMY=100%×WM/W | (3) |
YTEY= IHSI+IGSI+YMY | (4) |
式中:IHSI为肝胰腺指数,%;IGSI为性腺指数,%;YMY为出肉率,%;YTEY为总可食率,%;WH为肝胰腺重,g;W为体质量,g;WG为性腺重,g;WM为肌肉重,g。
采用冷冻干燥法测定各可食组织水分含
根据WU
由
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图1 两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间雌雄蟹肝胰腺、性腺指数变化()
Fig.1 Changes in hepatopancreatic and gonadal indices of male and female crabs during the hoarding of Chinese mitten crabs on two types of bait
柱子上“*”表示同一时期不同组间差异性。
The “*” on the column indicates the difference between different groups during the same period.
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图2 两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间雌雄蟹出肉率、总可食率变化()
Fig.2 Changes in meat yield and total edible rate of male and female crabs during the hoarding period of Chinese mitten crabs on two types of bait
柱子上“*”表示同一时期不同组间差异性。
The “*” on the column indicates the difference between different groups during the same period.
由
项目Items | 11月November | 12月December | 1月January | 2月February | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | |||||
雌性 Female | 肌肉Muscle | |||||||||||
水分Moisture | 78.88±0.48 | 79.72±0.69 | 79.22±0.85 | 80.14±1.96 | 79.64±0.94 | 79.46±1.54 | 79.47±1.26 | 81.00±0.90 | ||||
蛋白质Protein | 82.41±1.17 | 83.33±1.39 | 75.94±0.91 |
80.66±0.7 | 78.22±2.15 | 79.27±0.73 | 78.55±0.49 | 79.84±0.91 | ||||
脂肪Lipid |
5.97±0.0 | 5.62±0.07 | 5.13±0.18 | 5.08±0.20 | 5.45±0.18 | 4.98±0.69 | 5.84±0.18 | 5.99±0.26 | ||||
灰分Ash | 5.81±0.61 | 5.16±0.58 |
6.11±0.3 | 5.00±0.50 | 5.65±0.51 | 5.60±0.53 | 5.80±1.04 | 6.56±0.69 | ||||
肝胰腺Hepatopancreas | ||||||||||||
水分Moisture | 48.67±1.11 | 47.17±3.19 | 54.63±5.22 | 57.29±3.31 | 56.77±5.58 | 61.51±11.22 | 65.80±4.93 | 59.98±7.55 | ||||
蛋白质Protein | 19.36±1.02 | 19.84±0.16 | 23.05±0.85 | 20.57±1.48 | 28.05±3.82 | 28.33±4.63 |
29.44±2.0 | 20.49±1.16 | ||||
脂肪Lipid | 77.51±3.07 | 78.03±0.77 | 69.97±2.34 | 69.37±1.92 | 63.9±9.09 | 60.39±5.51 | 60.17±4.91 | 67.99±0.59 | ||||
灰分Ash | 1.46±0.03 | 1.33±0.36 | 1.64±0.29 | 1.89±0.30 | 1.62±0.29 | 1.94±0.35 | 1.72±0.19 | 1.89±0.30 | ||||
性腺Gonad | ||||||||||||
水分Moisture | 50.39±0.44 | 51.6±1.09 | 50.94±1.25 | 52.75±2.51 | 52.04±0.75 | 53.59±3.14 | 50.77±0.66 |
53.17±1.1 | ||||
蛋白质Protein | 61.96±1.01 | 62.02±0.56 | 61.47±1.41 | 62.33±1.14 | 61.12±0.15 | 61.36±0.81 | 63.29±0.30 | 62.74±0.59 | ||||
脂肪Lipid |
35.8±0.5 | 34.62±0.47 | 35.79±0.97 | 35.52±1.30 | 34.9±1.00 | 33.7±0.60 | 32.87±0.09 | 33.42±1.44 | ||||
灰分Ash | 4.34±0.55 | 4.46±0.64 | 4.19±0.38 | 4.23±0.23 | 4.37±0.10 | 4.78±0.71 | 4.19±0.50 | 4.36±0.26 | ||||
雄性 Male | 肌肉Muscle | |||||||||||
水分Moisture | 80.87±1.25 | 81.46±1.12 | 81.58±0.30 | 80.37±1.81 | 80.95±1.26 | 80.84±1.14 | 80.02±1.15 | 80.48±0.96 | ||||
蛋白质Protein | 79.11±2.05 | 82.45±4.09 | 80.94±1.76 | 79.85±1.26 | 79.49±1.19 | 80.05±1.91 | 81.17±1.80 | 80.98±0.89 | ||||
脂肪Lipid | 5.84±0.62 | 5.44±0.29 | 5.16±0.21 | 5.25±0.22 | 5.29±0.35 | 4.85±0.39 |
6.06±0.2 | 5.52±0.13 | ||||
灰分Ash | 6.10±0.47 | 6.29±0.36 | 5.34±0.42 | 5.50±0.69 | 5.91±0.80 | 5.62±0.45 | 5.55±0.17 |
6.70±0.1 | ||||
肝胰腺Hepatopancreas | ||||||||||||
水分Moisture | 55.30±4.83 | 57.43±8.23 | 62.40±6.29 | 61.27±4.33 | 65.92±0.60 | 62.30±6.44 | 64.76±7.90 | 67.24±9.11 | ||||
蛋白质Protein | 19.49±1.22 | 19.62±0.21 | 26.20±7.72 | 25.13±0.44 | 28.45±2.25 | 24.98±4.72 | 27.72±6.81 | 30.59±2.80 | ||||
脂肪Lipid | 72.09±1.09 | 70.59±6.53 | 63.86±6.63 | 63.93±5.29 | 59.04±4.45 | 64.14±9.15 | 56.34±4.66 | 60.68±1.99 | ||||
灰分Ash | 2.00±0.32 | 1.59±0.36 | 1.91±0.32 | 1.97±0.11 | 1.99±0.13 | 2.00±0.10 | 2.03±0.12 | 2.13±0.06 | ||||
性腺Gonad | ||||||||||||
水分Moisture | 73.9±0.67 | 72.56±0.71 | 72.63±0.40 | 71.81±1.52 | 71.23±1.61 | 70.77±1.67 | 69.68±1.33 | 68.38±1.44 | ||||
蛋白质Protein | 66.18±0.50 | 67.80±2.10 | 66.49±0.36 | 62.43±3.73 | 65.73±0.42 | 66.08±0.68 | 66.54±0.71 | 65.19±0.88 | ||||
脂肪Lipid | 3.24±0.16 | 2.91±0.22 | 2.48±0.32 | 2.08±0.30 | 2.37±0.25 | 1.93±0.26 |
2.06±0.2 | 1.52±0.13 | ||||
灰分Ash | 6.93±0.20 | 6.81±0.72 | 6.61±0.38 | 6.22±0.26 | 7.04±0.26 | 6.56±0.39 | 6.57±0.45 | 6.08±0.46 |
注: “*”表示同一时期同一性别囤养期间配合饲料中华绒螯蟹和冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: “*” indicates the difference between the Chinese mitten crabs with compound feed and the fresh fish in the same sex and the same period during the storage period (P<0.05).
两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间肌肉脂肪酸组成如
项目Items | 雌性Female | 雄性Male | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11月November | 2月February | 11月November | 2月February | ||||||||
配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | ||||
C14∶0 | 0.20±0.03 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.19±0.02 |
0.26±0.0 | 0.21±0.02 | 0.20±0.01 | |||
C15∶0 | 0.15±0.01 |
0.22±0.0 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.21±0.02 | 0.20±0.03 | 0.22±0.03 | 0.18±0.02 | 0.21±0.03 | |||
C16∶0 | 10.17±0.76 | 10.69±0.29 | 10.08±0.86 | 9.97±0.37 | 10.03±0.59 | 9.76±0.08 | 9.60±0.22 | 9.82±0.22 | |||
C17∶0 | 0.39±0.01 |
0.51±0.0 |
0.58±0.0 | 0.47±0.04 | 0.57±0.07 | 0.60±0.02 | 0.55±0.06 | 0.55±0.04 | |||
C18∶0 | 6.61±0.06 | 6.66±0.04 | 6.65±0.27 | 6.37±0.40 | 7.67±0.46 | 6.89±0.33 | 6.86±0.38 | 6.93±0.23 | |||
C20∶0 | 1.02±0.14 | 1.04±0.09 | 0.96±0.02 | 0.96±0.07 | 1.18±0.03 | 1.24±0.07 | 0.84±0.04 |
1.03±0.0 | |||
C22∶0 | 0.68±0.01 | 0.69±0.06 | 0.62±0.06 |
0.95±0.1 | 0.68±0.06 | 0.70±0.01 | 0.54±0.05 |
0.91±0.0 | |||
ΣSFA | 19.22±0.60 | 20.05±0.26 | 19.40±0.80 | 19.21±0.23 | 20.52±1.02 | 19.67±0.31 | 18.79±0.55 | 19.66±0.23 | |||
C16∶1n7 | 2.52±0.21 | 2.98±0.23 | 1.68±0.04 |
1.95±0.1 | 2.33±0.16 |
2.94±0.1 |
1.79±0.0 | 1.48±0.15 | |||
C17∶1n7 | 0.27±0.06 | 0.30±0.05 | 0.26±0.03 |
0.32±0.0 | 0.33±0 | 0.36±0.03 | 0.21±0.03 | 0.27±0.05 | |||
C18∶1n9 | 18.63±0.78 | 18.55±0.59 | 16.46±0.92 | 17.47±0.05 | 16.31±0.27 | 16.42±0.51 | 16.33±0.68 | 17.14±0.70 | |||
C18∶1n7 | 3.26±0.24 | 3.10±0.32 | 2.74±0.26 | 3.30±0.25 | 2.98±0.20 | 2.98±0.13 | 2.80±0.19 | 3.15±0.12 | |||
C20∶1n9 | 2.35±0.34 | 2.50±0.13 |
2.36±0.1 | 1.93±0.08 | 2.07±0.28 | 2.62±0.21 | 1.90±0.08 | 1.78±0.04 | |||
ΣMUFA | 27.02±0.81 | 27.44±0.14 | 23.49±1.15 | 24.97±0.33 | 24.02±0.77 | 25.32±0.35 | 23.04±0.71 | 23.81±0.83 | |||
C18∶2n6(LA) |
11.08±0.5 | 8.93±1.04 |
12.85±0.0 | 8.01±0.93 |
9.62±0.3 | 6.58±0.04 |
10.76±0.4 | 8.27±0.71 | |||
C18∶3n3(LNA) | 1.13±0.02 | 1.53±0.28 | 1.51±0.04 | 1.47±0.02 | 1.35±0.10 | 1.69±0.23 |
1.25±0.1 | 0.62±0.01 | |||
C20∶2n6 | 3.10±0.29 | 2.55±0.33 | 3.37±0.26 | 3.15±0.10 | 2.75±0.22 | 2.59±0.33 | 3.4±0.34 | 3.42±0.38 | |||
C20∶4n6(ARA) | 6.23±0.29 | 5.54±0.76 |
7.35±0.4 | 5.27±0.37 | 6.25±0.91 | 6.41±0.88 |
7.76±0.8 | 6.12±0.27 | |||
C20∶5n3(EPA) | 12.88±0.67 | 13.21±1.17 | 15.82±1.12 | 17.52±0.64 | 14.79±0.59 | 14.67±0.38 | 17.72±1.13 | 17.98±0.48 | |||
C22∶5n6 |
0.76±0.0 | 0.38±0.03 | 0.46±0.06 | 0.35±0.04 | 0.35±0.02 |
0.61±0.0 |
0.46±0.0 | 0.31±0.01 | |||
C22∶5n3 | 0.58±0.05 | 0.68±0.08 |
0.71±0.0 | 0.57±0.03 | 0.67±0.08 | 0.78±0.01 |
0.63±0.0 | 0.52±0.04 | |||
C22∶6n3(DHA) | 11.42±0.71 | 11.95±1.01 | 12.09±0.80 | 13.68±1.24 | 13.18±0.90 | 13.04±1.05 | 11.85±1.26 | 12.98±1.67 | |||
ΣPUFA | 47.17±1.15 | 44.76±1.60 |
54.17±1.9 | 50.03±0.40 |
48.96±0.8 | 46.38±0.12 | 53.84±3.04 | 50.22±0.79 | |||
Σn-3PUFA | 26.01±1.33 | 27.36±2.14 | 30.13±1.60 | 33.25±1.16 | 29.99±1.47 | 30.18±0.94 | 31.46±1.99 | 32.1±2.12 | |||
Σn-6PUFA |
21.16±0.1 | 17.40±0.58 |
24.04±0.3 | 16.78±0.78 |
18.96±0.9 | 16.20±0.87 |
22.39±1.0 | 18.12±1.38 | |||
n-3/n-6PUFA | 1.23±0.07 |
1.58±0.1 | 1.25±0.05 |
1.99±0.1 | 1.59±0.15 |
1.87±0.1 | 1.40±0.03 |
1.78±0.2 | |||
ΣHUFA | 31.86±1.11 | 31.75±2.55 | 36.44±2.10 | 37.4±1.44 | 35.24±0.48 | 35.51±0.67 | 38.42±2.82 | 37.91±1.83 | |||
DHA/EPA | 0.89±0.02 | 0.90±0.01 | 0.77±0.06 | 0.78±0.08 | 0.89±0.03 | 0.89±0.07 | 0.67±0.07 | 0.72±0.07 |
注: “*”表示同一时期同一性别配合饲料中华绒螯蟹和冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: “*” indicates the difference between the same sex and formula feed Chinese mitten crabs and chilled fish at the same period(P<0.05).
两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间肝胰腺脂肪酸比较如
项目Items | 雌性Female | 雄性Male | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11月November | 2月February | 11月November | 2月February | ||||||||
配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | ||||
C14∶0 | 1.10±0.09 | 1.26±0.05 | 0.91±0.04 |
1.67±0.0 | 1.28±0.07 | 1.53±0.14 | 0.87±0.03 |
1.72±0.0 | |||
C15∶0 | 0.48±0.05 |
0.58±0.0 | 0.48±0.03 |
0.66±0.0 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.65±0.10 | 0.55±0.03 |
0.65±0.0 | |||
C16∶0 | 17.83±0.54 | 17.80±0.11 | 16.41±0.59 | 15.43±0.44 | 17.4±0.20 | 17.82±0.35 | 15.82±0.81 | 15.4±0.58 | |||
C17∶0 | 0.48±0.09 |
0.76±0.1 | 0.76±0.03 | 0.74±0.06 | 0.71±0.05 | 0.73±0 | 1.04±0.08 | 0.83±0.12 | |||
C18∶0 | 2.49±0.30 | 3.21±0.67 |
3.52±0.0 | 2.73±0.09 | 2.38±0.10 |
3.42±0.0 | 3.00±0.12 | 2.71±0.37 | |||
C20∶0 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.30±0.05 |
0.36±0.0 | 0.30±0.02 | 0.24±0.02 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.31±0.05 | 0.34±0.04 | |||
ΣSFA | 22.62±0.34 |
23.91±0.4 | 22.44±0.56 | 21.53±0.53 | 22.64±0.02 |
24.42±0.0 | 21.59±0.83 | 21.65±0.27 | |||
C14∶1n5 | 0.19±0.01 |
0.29±0.0 | 0.19±0.01 |
0.31±0.0 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.23±0 | 0.16±0.07 | 0.16±0.01 | |||
C16∶1n7 | 8.25±0.88 | 9.07±0.53 | 7.00±0.38 |
8.14±0.4 | 9.11±0.35 | 8.82±0.05 | 7.64±0.97 | 7.54±0.34 | |||
C17∶1n7 | 0.50±0.01 |
0.70±0.0 | 0.54±0.04 |
0.81±0.0 | 0.7±0.06 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.57±0.09 | 0.63±0.05 | |||
C18∶1n9 |
31.55±1.1 | 28.31±1.29 | 28.47±0.26 | 27.92±0.90 |
27.6±0.7 | 25.05±0.20 |
28.4±0.2 | 26.49±0.35 | |||
C18∶1n7 | 3.88±0.30 | 3.83±0.18 | 2.89±0.26 |
3.65±0.0 | 2.94±0.29 | 2.64±0.11 | 2.75±0.22 | 3.06±0.17 | |||
C20∶1n9 | 2.68±0.21 |
3.37±0.2 | 3.61±0.12 |
4.65±0.5 | 1.89±0.12 | 2.08±0.14 | 2.93±0.29 |
4.29±0.4 | |||
ΣMUFA | 47.05±2.17 | 45.56±1.05 | 42.71±0.50 |
45.47±0.8 |
42.46±1.3 | 39.59±0.28 | 42.45±0.75 | 42.17±0.60 | |||
C18∶2n6(LA) |
15.7±0.2 | 13.5±0.52 |
17.17±0.1 | 12.3±0.27 | 14.80±0.69 | 13.93±0.49 |
17.71±1.3 | 12.69±0.40 | |||
C18∶3n3(LNA) | 1.50±0.13 |
2.14±0.0 | 1.80±0.23 | 1.80±0.01 |
2.67±0.0 | 2.33±0.06 |
2.06±0.0 | 1.29±0.11 | |||
C20∶2n6 |
2.38±0.2 | 1.72±0.08 |
3.18±0.3 | 2.11±0 | 1.43±0.07 | 1.29±0.08 | 2.34±0.20 | 2.49±0.12 | |||
C20∶4n6(ARA) | 1.03±0.09 |
1.34±0.1 |
2.11±0.1 | 1.22±0.17 | 1.47±0.08 |
2.14±0.0 | 2.29±0.22 | 2.37±0.24 | |||
C20∶4n3 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.23±0.03 |
0.42±0.0 | 0.36±0.03 |
0.53±0.0 | 0.24±0.02 |
0.36±0.0 | |||
C20∶5n3(EPA) | 1.03±0.10 |
1.89±0.1 | 1.61±0.11 |
2.22±0.5 | 1.98±0.15 |
2.50±0.1 | 2.30±0.22 |
3.20±0.0 | |||
C22∶5n6 |
0.38±0.0 | 0.26±0.04 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.25±0.05 | 0.41±0.06 | 0.44±0.04 | 0.35±0.12 | 0.37±0.01 | |||
C22∶5n3 | 0.29±0.01 |
0.58±0.0 | 0.33±0.04 |
0.47±0.0 | 0.72±0.07 |
0.99±0.0 | 0.34±0.04 |
0.57±0.0 | |||
C22∶6n3(DHA) | 2.78±0.49 |
4.34±0.5 | 2.39±0.16 |
5.41±0.0 | 3.78±0.29 |
4.62±0.5 | 2.54±0.13 |
5.74±0.8 | |||
ΣPUFA | 25.31±0.54 | 26.01±0.58 |
29.11±1.0 | 26.84±0.50 | 27.62±0.72 | 28.76±0.11 | 30.16±1.42 | 29.07±0.92 | |||
Σn-3PUFA | 5.83±0.56 |
9.19±0.3 | 6.36±0.48 |
10.32±0.6 | 9.51±0.12 |
10.96±0.6 | 7.47±0.09 |
11.16±0.7 | |||
Σn-6PUFA |
19.48±0.3 | 16.83±0.48 |
22.75±0.6 | 15.88±0.49 | 18.11±0.83 | 17.8±0.55 |
22.69±1.4 | 17.91±0.29 | |||
n-3/n-6PUFA | 0.30±0.03 |
0.55±0.0 | 0.28±0.02 |
0.65±0.0 | 0.53±0.03 | 0.62±0.06 | 0.33±0.02 |
0.62±0.0 | |||
ΣHUFA | 5.74±0.56 |
8.65±0.2 | 6.96±0.41 |
9.99±0.8 | 8.72±0.10 |
11.21±0.6 | 8.06±0.10 |
12.61±0.4 | |||
DHA/EPA | 2.68±0.26 | 2.32±0.48 | 1.49±0.10 |
2.53±0.5 | 1.92±0.29 | 1.85±0.08 | 1.11±0.17 |
1.80±0.2 |
注: “*”表示同一时期同一性别配合饲料中华绒螯蟹和冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: “*” indicates the difference between the same sex and formula feed Chinese mitten crabs and chilled fish at the same period(P<0.05).
两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间性腺脂肪酸比较如
项目Items | 雌性Female | 雄性Male | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11月November | 2月February | 11月November | 2月February | ||||||||
配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | ||||
C14:0 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.95±0* | 0.72±0.02 |
1.18±0.1 | 0.34±0.01 |
0.44±0.0 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.26±0.01 | |||
C15:0 | 0.37±0.05 | 0.43±0.02 | 0.51±0.04 | 0.52±0.02 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.19±0.01 | 0.23±0.02 | |||
C16:0 | 12.43±0.23 | 13.00±0.58 | 12.54±0.43 | 12.61±0.31 |
8.93±0.0 | 7.94±0.04 |
8.45±0.0 | 7.49±0.28 | |||
C17:0 | 0.37±0.03 |
0.56±0.0 | 0.63±0.03 | 0.60±0.05 | 0.67±0.03 | 0.65±0.01 | 0.58±0.02 | 0.53±0.05 | |||
C18:0 | 4.10±0.31 | 4.10±0.33 | 4.42±0.37 | 3.70±0.33 |
7.85±0.0 | 6.8±0.02 |
6.85±0.0 | 6.23±0.31 | |||
C20:0 |
0.50±0.0 | 0.36±0.01 | 0.34±0 | 0.35±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 |
1.38±0.0 | 1.36±0.01 |
1.66±0.0 | |||
C22:0 | - | - | - | - |
1.52±0.0 | 1.38±0.02 |
2.59±0.0 | 1.64±0.01 | |||
ΣSFA | 18.4±0.14 | 19.39±0.90 | 19.17±0.75 | 18.95±0.59 |
20.48±0.1 | 18.84±0.17 |
20.25±0.1 | 18.05±0.60 | |||
C16:1n7 | 9.03±0.84 | 8.91±0.64 | 7.68±0.41 |
9.67±0.4 |
2.66±0.0 | 2.17±0.05 | 1.79±0.01 | 1.37±0.05 | |||
C17:1n7 | 0.60±0.07 | 0.65±0.01 | 0.74±0.02 |
0.98±0.1 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.16±0.01 | 0.15±0.02 | |||
C18:1n9 |
25.08±0.6 | 23.48±0.33 | 23.1±1.21 | 22.65±0.92 |
16.67±0.0 | 14.90±0.01 | 15.42±0.04 | 14.04±0.08 | |||
C18:1n7 | 4.85±0.10 | 4.32±0.48 | 3.72±0.57 | 4.69±0.22 |
4.11±0.0 | 3.37±0.04 | 3.50±0.02 | 3.20±0.10 | |||
C20:1n9 | 1.3±0.01 |
1.62±0.0 | 1.65±0.05 |
2.06±0.1 | 2.42±0.03 |
2.97±0.0 | 2.43±0.01 |
4.50±0.0 | |||
C22:1n9 | - | - | - | - | 1.92±0.02 |
2.75±0.0 | 2.27±0.05 | 2.12±0.05 | |||
ΣMUFA | 40.86±0.88 | 38.98±0.95 | 36.89±1.86 | 40.06±1.23 |
28.02±0.1 | 26.42±0.21 | 25.57±0.13 | 25.38±0.37 | |||
C18:2n6(LA) |
14.18±0.9 | 11.22±0.57 |
17.68±0.3 | 9.38±0.23 |
6.10±0.0 | 5.46±0.09 |
6.08±0.0 | 4.92±0.06 | |||
C18:3n3(LNA) | 1.97±0.13 |
2.57±0.0 |
3.78±0.5 | 2.67±0.32 | 1.05±0.04 |
1.42±0.0 | 1.03±0.07 | 1.07±0.07 | |||
C20:2n6 | 1.63±0.14 | 1.49±0.10 |
1.69±0.1 | 1.30±0.13 | 2.61±0.02 |
3.46±0.0 | 4.03±0.04 | 4.11±0.02 | |||
C20:4n6(ARA) | 3.44±0.53 | 3.07±0.22 | 3.56±0.12 | 3.24±0.46 |
15.67±0.0 | 14.02±0.10 |
18.09±0.0 | 16.55±0.46 | |||
C20:4n3 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.15±0.01 |
0.29±0.0 | - | - | - | - | |||
C20:5n3(EPA) | 5.78±0.31 |
7.29±0.8 | 5.91±0.79 |
8.54±0.4 |
13.64±0.0 | 12.64±0.07 | 11.66±0.04 | 11.93±0.10 | |||
C22:5n3 | 0.67±0.07 | 0.71±0.13 | 0.70±0.09 | 0.65±0.07 | 0.70±0.02 | 0.68±0.02 | 0.55±0.05 | 0.49±0.02 | |||
C22:6n3(DHA) | 6.49±0.62 | 7.28±0.49 | 5.77±0.56 |
9.60±0.2 | 7.87±0.06 | 7.83±0.08 | 6.06±0.05 | 6.72±0.04 | |||
ΣPUFA | 34.38±1.85 | 33.85±1.23 |
39.24±0.3 | 35.68±1.19 |
47.63±0.2 | 45.51±0.43 |
47.50±0.3 | 45.78±0.69 | |||
Σn-3PUFA | 12.8±1.31 | 13.85±0.76 | 13.97±0.27 |
16.46±0.6 |
23.26±0.1 | 22.57±0.25 | 19.30±0.22 | 20.21±0.15 | |||
Σn-6PUFA |
21.59±0.6 | 20.00±0.64 |
25.28±0.5 | 19.22±0.77 |
24.37±0.1 | 22.94±0.20 |
28.20±0.1 | 25.58±0.54 | |||
n-3/n-6PUFA | 0.59±0.05 |
0.69±0.0 | 0.55±0.02 |
0.86±0.0 | 0.95±0 | 0.98±0.01 | 0.68±0.01 | 0.79±0.01 | |||
ΣHUFA | 18.23±0.76 | 20.07±1.46 | 17.78±0.32 |
23.62±0.8 |
37.88±0.1 | 35.17±0.24 |
36.37±0.1 | 35.68±0.53 | |||
DHA/EPA | 1.13±0.17 | 1.00±0.06 | 0.99±0.21 | 1.13±0.07 | 0.58±0.11 | 0.62±0.13 | 0.52±0.11 | 0.56±0.01 |
注: “*”表示同一时期同一性别配合饲料中华绒螯蟹和冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: “*” indicates the difference between the same sex and formula feed Chinese mitten crabs and chilled fish at the same period(P<0.05).
两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间肌肉游离氨基酸如
游离氨基酸 Free amino acids | 雌性Female | 雄性Male | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11月November | 2月February | 11月November | 2月February | ||||||||
配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | ||||
牛磺酸 Thu | 154.1±16.3 | 162.74±11.04 | 218.34±9.99 | 234.15±15.61 | 145.12±5.40 | 135.94±10.16 |
162.02±1.7 | 144.55±3.85 | |||
天冬氨酸 Asp | 3.36±0.07 | 3.20±0.42 | 1.82±0.12 | 2.05±0.25 | 2.89±0.24 | 2.74±0.17 | 2.82±0.26 | 2.84±0.12 | |||
苏氨酸 Thr |
89.58±2.0 | 63.35±4.51 | 59.55±5.79 | 63.76±0.21 | 64.95±6.51 |
95.10±5.5 | 63.34±7.34 |
81.96±2.9 | |||
丝氨酸 Ser | 29.13±7.49 | 36.54±1.45 | 29.44±2.08 |
42.12±6.7 | 27.42±2.96 |
45.87±6.1 | 36.90±2.40 | 47.49±6.21 | |||
谷氨酸 Glu | 38.74±1.90 | 40.14±5.83 | 29.93±0.68 |
54.55±4.6 | 37.71±8.27 | 45.65±2.79 | 63.97±5.34 | 57.76±7.25 | |||
甘氨酸 Gly |
444.01±9.1 | 381.14±32.3 | 515.36±38.38 | 564.64±7.57 | 337.98±20.01 | 322.07±25.45 | 523.65±29.36 | 552.75±1.69 | |||
丙氨酸 Ala | 370.68±5.91 | 372.82±42.72 | 501.9±35.24 | 489.62±25.27 | 368.96±5.66 |
434.47±29.0 | 386.5±20.85 | 363.51±67.49 | |||
半胱氨酸 Cys | 2.59±0.32 | 2.70±0.23 |
11.63±1.0 | 8.14±0.11 | 3.45±0.37 |
9.58±0.2 | 4.65±0.67 |
6.81±0.7 | |||
缬氨酸 Val | 13.65±0.86 | 17.05±1.57* | 20.56±2.96 | 21.11±0.88 | 11.92±0.59 |
19.93±2.2 | 13.25±3.25 | 13.37±1.48 | |||
蛋氨酸 Met | 17.45±0.77 | 16.89±0.93 | 17.11±1.51 |
23.91±2.6 | 11.66±1.00 |
15.41±0.7 | 12.16±0.72 | 10.91±0.67 | |||
异亮氨酸 Ile |
15.94±0.8 | 10.78±0.29 | 7.69±1.36 |
10.72±0.1 | 6.48±0.68 | 7.58±1.01 | 7.06±0.69 | 8.19±1.01 | |||
亮氨酸 Leu | 14.96±0.91 | 16.65±1.54 | 16.59±2.16 |
22.41±0.3 | 13.44±0.40 |
15.98±1.4 | 15.22±0.46 | 15.66±0.66 | |||
络氨酸 Tyr | 14.54±0.33 |
21.10±1.6 | 7.48±0.66 |
16.85±0.1 | 10.15±1.27 | 9.52±1.12 | 10.02±0.55 |
14.39±1.2 | |||
苯丙氨酸 Phe |
28.67±2.8 | 24.06±3.16 | 24.75±2.18 | 29.8±4.22 | 17.54±0.40 | 17.06±2.30 |
14.57±0.4 | 11.77±0.82 | |||
赖氨酸 Lys |
20.62±2.0 | 15.74±1.29 | 16.00±0.28 |
22.57±1.9 | 26.42±2.22 | 21.93±2.14 | 16.26±0.12 | 17.03±0.82 | |||
组氨酸 His |
29.24±1.4 | 12.44±0.34 | 7.94±0.67 |
21.1±0.8 | 18.37±0.61 | 17.53±1.69 |
13.26±0.2 | 11.63±0.90 | |||
精氨酸 Ary | 478.55±8.83 |
519.54±10.7 | 202.60±5.61 | 236.43±20.69 | 319.13±19.61 | 361.62±34.64 | 235.94±13.02 | 266.43±26.33 | |||
脯氨酸 Pro | 207.72±14.97 | 221.6±4.84 |
145.18±5.7 | 132.8±2.88 | 207.01±7.57 |
246.59±21.3 |
165.98±5.9 | 141.92±6.54 | |||
总氨基酸 TAA | 2 006.02±40.7 | 1 938.48±49.39 | 1833.87±55.75 |
1996.73±34.5 | 1 630.6±49.02 | 1 824.54±49.40 | 1 747.56±30.59 | 1 768.97±88.92 | |||
必需氨基酸 EAA/% | 8.98±0.69* | 7.63±0.28 | 7.96±0.67 | 8.61±0.30 | 8.52±0.30 |
9.7±0.1 | 7.24±0.50 | 8.11±0.41 |
注: “*”表示同一时期同一性别配合饲料中华绒螯蟹和冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: “*” indicates the difference between the same sex and formula feed Chinese mitten crabs and chilled fish at the same period(P<0.05).
两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间性腺游离氨基酸如
游离氨基酸 Free amino acids | 雌性Female | 雄性Male | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11月November | 2月February | 11月November | 2月February | ||||||||
配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | 配合饲料 CF | 冰鲜鱼 CTF | ||||
牛磺酸 Thu |
363.58±6.7 | 330.76±8.76 | 252.73±3.66 |
354.87±2.8 |
176.51±12.2 | 138.36±7.24 |
91.27±3.7 | 83.37±0.35 | |||
天冬氨酸 Asp |
5.34±0.1 | 2.07±0.04 | 8.02±0.11 | 8.32±0.28 |
8.24±0.5 | 2.09±0.04 | 2.83±0.12 |
3.39±0.0 | |||
苏氨酸 Thr |
10.14±0.3 | 3.96±0.13 |
6.69±0.3 | 5.87±0.14 |
5.01±0.6 | 2.44±0.11 |
4.95±0.0 | 2.56±0.40 | |||
丝氨酸 Ser |
6.42±0.3 | 4.81±0.66 | 6.30±0.89 | 6.81±0.19 |
5.47±1.0 | 3.17±0.41 | 4.62±0.16 | 4.42±0.21 | |||
谷氨酸 Glu |
66.17±1.6 | 30.77±4.92 | 29.55±0.54 |
33.28±1.2 |
35.62±2.2 | 14.83±0.70 | 17.07±0.47 |
20.61±0.9 | |||
甘氨酸 Gly |
24.68±0.5 | 14.41±0.37 |
14.36±0.4 | 13.35±0.22 |
17.20±0.8 | 13.04±0.17 |
25.72±2.3 | 18.53±0.12 | |||
丙氨酸 Ala | 45.51±2.16 | 43.43±2.33 | 32.45±0.33 |
46.57±0.3 |
68.36±2.7 | 32.36±0.71 | 33.35±1.27 |
39.86±0.6 | |||
半胱氨酸 Cys | 3.07±0.26 | 2.33±0.22 | 2.72±0.16 |
3.78±0.2 | 3.25±0.24 | 3.20±0.11 | 5.53±0.13 | 5.48±0.34 | |||
缬氨酸 Val |
8.40±0.3 | 4.59±0.11 | 4.45±0.35 | 4.54±0.27 | 6.42±0.05 | 5.48±0.27 |
6.49±0.4 | 3.34±0.40 | |||
蛋氨酸 Met |
8.79±1.0 | 5.18±0.63 | 3.73±0.47 | 3.80±0.19 | 5.24±0.37 |
8.32±0.4 |
5.82± | 1.61±0.21 | |||
异亮氨酸 Ile | 4.77±0.37 | 4.50±0.36 | 3.85±0.24 | 3.75±0.16 | 7.95±0.09 | 7.68±0.63 |
8.18±0.5 | 4.56±0.06 | |||
亮氨酸 Leu |
6.91±0.5 | 4.52±0.24 | 3.97±0.15 | 3.49±0.41 | 7.51±0.31 |
9.18±0.7 |
5.60±0.5 | 3.80±0.05 | |||
络氨酸 Tyr | 8.33±0.51 | 7.85±0.58 | 4.57±0.06 |
5.61±0.2 | 10.71±0.42 |
22.47±0.5 |
27.56±0.8 | 4.46±0.40 | |||
苯丙氨酸 Phe | 13.2±0.39 | 12.56±0.31 |
7.21±0.3 | 4.52±0.10 | 6.35±0.10 | 7.77±0.88 |
11.65±1.4 | 4.62±0.33 | |||
赖氨酸 Lys |
46.87±1.9 | 25.18±0.76 | 27.16±0.24 |
49.40±2.7 | 15.18±0.50 | 16.03±0.89 |
13.71±0.7 | 6.53±0.53 | |||
组氨酸 His |
18.05±0.3 | 15.67±0.25 |
15.61±0.6 | 13.76±0.53 | 11.42±0.42 |
25.12±0.8 | 12.12±0.33 | 11.27±0.37 | |||
精氨酸 Ary |
287.68±2.2 | 194.92±4.74 | 134.18±2.16 |
163.23±2.4 |
38.78±0.7 | 24.45±3.64 | 27.08±0.93 |
34.52±1.2 | |||
脯氨酸 Pro | 136.48±2.19 | 132.58±6.90 | 71.74±5.72 | 66.87±2.92 |
44.06±0.6 | 26.55±4.83 | 51.88±4.95 |
66.5±1.9 | |||
总氨基酸TAA |
1 242.34±181.2 | 840.11±2.32 | 629.29±3.26 |
791.81±6.3 |
469.8±14.1 | 362.52±2.08 |
355.42±5.5 | 319.44±3.48 | |||
必需氨基酸EAA/% | 8.11±1.37 | 7.20±0.08 | 9.07±0.12 | 9.52±0.41 | 11.44±0.63 |
15.69±0.2 |
15.87±0.3 | 8.46±0.16 |
注: “*”表示同一时期同一性别配合饲料中华绒螯蟹和冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: “*” indicates the difference between the same sex and formula feed Chinese mitten crabs and chilled fish at the same period(P<0.05).
肝胰腺(蟹黄)、性腺(蟹膏)和肌肉是中华绒螯蟹重要的可食组
可食组织中必须脂肪酸含量既是评价水产品的营养指标又可作为风味指
棕桐油酸(C16∶1n7)、硬脂酸(C18∶0)和油酸(18∶1n9)的含量与口味和品质相
游离氨基酸含量是影响甲壳动物风味的重要因
综上所述:两种饵料中华绒螯蟹囤养期间肝胰腺指数和总可食率呈下降趋势,而性腺指数呈上升趋势。肝胰腺水分和蛋白质呈上升趋势,脂肪含量呈下降趋势;卵巢脂肪呈下降趋势;精巢水分和脂肪含量呈下降趋势,蛋白质和灰分无显著变化。配合饲料中华绒螯蟹囤养过程中C18∶2n6、∑n-6PUFA、∑HUFA和∑PUFA含量增加,冰鲜鱼中华绒螯蟹EPA、DHA、∑n-3PUFA、∑HUFA和∑PUFA含量增加。囤养过后肌肉的甘氨酸和丙氨酸含量增加,而精氨酸和脯氨酸含量下降,肌肉的甜味增加,而性腺谷氨酸和总氨基酸含量下降,口感下降。
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