大滚筒智能钓机出绳速度控制及其对长鳍金枪鱼捕捞效果的影响

Rope throwing speed control of large drum intelligent fishing machine and its effect on albacore tuna fishing results

摘要:

自动化捕捞装备的研发是推动远洋捕捞渔业高质量发展的关键要素,为了提升远洋作业中金枪鱼捕捞效率和渔获质量,提出了一种基于南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus alalunga）延绳钓钓钩深度模型设计的智能投绳控制系统。该系统采用模糊比例积分微分（Proportion integral differential,PID）控制方式,结合作业渔船部署的传感器采集实时数据,通过可编程逻辑控制器（Programmable logic controller,PLC）实时调节投绳机的出绳速度,使钓钩深度达到目标鱼种的栖息深度。首先采用仿真实验及验证实验证实模糊PID在智能投绳控制系统的有效性,然后在中水集团远洋股份有限公司所属的“中水747”渔船上部署该系统进行海试试验,通过智能投绳控制系统作业与传统人工作业两种方式对比出绳速度控制精度及稳定性、钓钩深度及渔获情况。结果显示：（1）系统能根据船速自动调节出绳速度,将稳态误差控制在2%左右；（2）最深钓钩平均深度为230.20 m,两浮子间53.57%的钓钩深度与长鳍金枪鱼的捕食深度重合；（3）长鳍金枪鱼上钩率提高了31.85%,目标渔获的优势体质量区间由（14,18]kg提升至（18,22]kg,渔获质量及效率显著提升。研究表明,智能投绳控制系统作业优于传统人工作业,可有效提升金枪鱼目标鱼种的捕捞效率。本研究为金枪鱼捕捞装备的智能化控制提供了科学依据,推动了远洋渔业装备的技术创新与智能化升级。

关键词:长鳍金枪鱼;智能投绳控制系统;模糊PID;出绳速度;捕捞效率

Abstract:

The research and development of automated fishing equipment is a key factor in promoting the high-quality development of offshore fishing. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of tuna fishing in offshore operations, this study proposes an intelligent throwing-rope control system based on the hook depth model for south Pacific albacore tuna （Thunnus alalunga）.The system employs a fuzzy PID control method that integrates real-time data collected by sensors deployed on operating fishing vessels, and dynamically adjusts the rope throwing speed through a PLC controller to ensure that the hook depth matches the habitat depth of the target fish species.The study first validated the effectiveness of the fuzzy PID control method in the intelligent throwing-rope control system through simulation and verification experiments, and then deployed the system for sea trials on the "Zhongshui 747" fishing vessel owned by CNFC Overseas Fishery Co., Ltd., comparing the rope throwing speed control precision, stability, hook depth, and fishing outcomes between the intelligent system and traditional manual operations. The results are as follows： （1） The rope throwing speed can be automatically adjusted to the optimal speed based on the ship's speed, control the steady-state error range of the ropethrowing speed to around 2%； （2） The average depth of the deepest hook was 230.20 m, and 53.57% of the hook depths between the two floats coincided with the albacore tuna's feeding depth； （3） The hook rate of albacore tuna increased by 31.85% and the target catch body mass range increased from （14, 18] kg to （18, 22] kg, improving the catch quality. This study shows that the intelligent throwing-rope control system outperforms traditional manual operations and the intelligent throwing-rope control system can effectively improve fishing efficiency and catch quality for target tuna species. This study provides a scientific basis forthe intelligent control of tuna fishing equipment, driving technological innovation and intelligent upgrades in pelagic fishing equipment.

Key words:albacore tuna;intelligent throwing-rope control system;fuzzy PID;rope throwing speed;fishing efficiency