鱼类趋光行为对光照条件的响应研究进展

The fish phototropic behavior in response to light characteristics:a review

摘要:

不同海洋鱼类对光照响应的敏感性存在差异,为掌握鱼类对光的趋避反应规律,综述了海洋及部分淡水鱼类对光谱频率、光照强度和光照时间等因素的响应机制。鱼类对光色的选择性存在差异,中上层鱼类对于红、黄色光波有正趋性,而底层鱼类对于蓝、绿色光波具有正趋性；光照强度在水体中随深度的增加而减小,弱光环境对中底层鱼类更具吸引性；过高或过低的光照均会使鱼类产生应激反应,影响鱼类游泳行为和摄食活动；随光照时间延长,鱼类行为变化过程主要表现为初期应激反应、中期明适应过程和后期行为稳定特征。建议加强鱼类行为对光源和渔具的响应机理研究,利用鱼类对光行为反应,诱集或驱赶鱼群以实现生态友好型捕捞。

关键词:趋光性;光谱频率;光照强度;光诱渔业;鱼类行为

Abstract:

Different marine fish species exhibit varying sensitivities to light response.To grasp the law of fish's tendency and avoidance response to light. This paper reviews the behavioral responses of marine fishes and selected freshwater fishes, particularly pelagic economic species, to different light characteristics such as spectral frequency, light intensity, and light duration. The findings indicate the following：Fish display distinct preferences for different light colors. Pelagic fish tend to be attracted to red and yellow light wavelengths, while demersal fish show a preference for blue and green light wavelengths；Light intensity decreases with depth in the water column, making the low-light environment of the deeper waters more attractive to pelagic fish；Light intensity has a significant effect on fish growth and development, as well as on their stress behaviors and swimming patterns；With prolonged light exposure, the behavioral changes in fish primarily exhibit a triphasic pattern： an initial stress response, followed by a photoadaptation phase, and culminating in behavioral stabilization；It is crucial to strengthen research on the mechanisms behind fish behavior in response to light sources and fishing gear. By harnessing fish's behavioral responses to light, we can develop strategies to attract or repel fish, thereby laying the foundation for eco-friendly fishing practices.

Key words:phototropism;spectral frequency;lightintensity;phototrapping fisheries;fish behavior