中西太平洋主要金枪鱼产量回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of major tuna production in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

摘要:

为了解中西太平洋主要金枪鱼产量情况,通过收集中西太平洋渔业委员会（Western and central Pacific fisheries commission,WCPFC）提供的金枪鱼渔业数据,进行回顾性分析,厘清了中西太平洋主要金枪鱼产量时空变化情况。结果显示,中西太平洋主要金枪鱼年产量变化可分为3个时期,其中渔业起步期的捕捞范围较小,以延绳钓为主,产量集中在近岸高产区域,远洋捕捞空间范围受限；渔业扩张期引入围网捕捞技术,促使捕捞范围向太平洋中部和更深、更远的海域扩展；渔业稳定期捕捞技术现代化,以围网捕捞为主,高产渔场分布清晰,捕捞范围趋于固定。研究还重点分析了主要中西太平洋金枪鱼生产国和地区（日本、韩国、中国台湾省、巴布亚新几内亚、美国和中国大陆）的渔业产量、主要捕捞物种、作业时空分布及产量变化趋势,并且讨论了自然、经济与政策等多重因素可能对金枪鱼产量的影响。本研究可为金枪鱼资源的科学管理与保护提供依据,有助于促进海洋生物多样性保护和全球金枪鱼资源的可持续管理。

关键词:金枪鱼;围网;延绳钓;产量;回顾性分析;中西太平洋

Abstract:

In order to understand the major tuna catches in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, a retrospective analysis was conducted to clarify the spatial and temporal variations in the major tuna catches in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean by collecting data on tuna fisheries provided by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission （WCPFC）. The results show that the changes in the annual production of major tunas in the Western and Central Pacific can be divided into three periods, including the fishery start-up period, when the fishing range was small, longline fishing was dominant, and the production was concentrated in the near-shore high-yield area, and the spatial scope of pelagic fishing was restricted； the fishery expansion period, when purse-seine fishing was introduced, which led to the expansion of the fishing range to the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and to deeper and more distant waters； and the fishery stabilization period, when the fishing technology was modernized, purse-seine fishing dominated, and high-yield fishing grounds were distributed. During the period of fishery stabilization, the fishing technology was modernized and dominated by purse-seine fishing, the distribution of high-yield fishing grounds was clear, and the fishing range tended to be fixed. The study also focuses on analyzing the fishery production, major species caught, spatial and temporal distribution of operations, and trends in production in the major Western and Central Pacific tuna-producing countries and regions （Japan, Korea, Taiwan Province of China, Papua New Guinea, the United States, and Chinese mainland）, and discusses the possible impacts of multiple factors, including natural, economic and policy factors, on tuna production. This study may provide a basis for the scientific management and conservation of tuna resources, and provide a reference for the promotion of marine biodiversity and the sustainable management of global tuna resources.

Key words:tuna;purse seine;longline;production;retrospective analysis;Western and Central Pacific Ocean