独角雪冰鱼与伯氏肩孔南极鱼3种组织的微量元素比较分析

Comparative analysis of trace elements in three tissues of Chionodraco hamatus and Trematomus bernacchii

摘要:

为探究两种南极鱼对不同元素的富集差异,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对两种南极鱼的脑、心脏、十二指肠3种组织中的铁（Fe）、铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、砷（As）、硒（Se）、镉（Cd）和汞（Hg）等9种微量元素含量进行测定与比较分析。结果表明,独角雪冰鱼（Chionodraco hamatus）脑中的Fe、Cu、As、Hg、Cd等元素含量显著低于伯氏肩孔南极鱼（Trematomus bernacchii）（P<0.05）；心脏组织中的Fe、Cu、Cd、Hg等4种元素含量同样显著低于伯氏肩孔南极鱼（P<0.05）；而十二指肠中的Hg、Mn、As、Se的含量则显著高于伯氏肩孔南极鱼（P<0.05）。Fe作为血红蛋白的重要组成元素,独角雪冰鱼脑与心脏中Fe元素含量显著低于伯氏肩孔南极鱼,推测与独角雪冰鱼缺乏血红蛋白有关。独角雪冰鱼十二指肠中重金属元素含量显著较高,推测与其底栖生活习性相关,更容易积累重金属元素。与其他海域的鱼类相比,2种南极鱼体内的Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Mn、Cu含量比较高,反映了部分南极海域可能已经受到一定程度的重金属污染。

关键词:南极鱼;心脏;脑;十二指肠;微量元素;重金属

Abstract:

To explore the differences in element accumulation between two Antarctic fish species, this study utilized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） to determine and compare the contents of nine trace elements： iron （Fe）, chromium （Cr）, manganese （Mn）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn）, arsenic （As）, selenium （Se）, cadmium （Cd）, and mercury （Hg） in three tissues （brain, heart, and duodenum） of both species. The results show that the content of Fe, Cu, As, Hg, Cd and other elements in the brain of Chionodraco hamatus was significantly lower than that of Trematomus bernacchii （P<0.05）； The content of Fe, Cu, Cd and Hg in heart tissue was also significantly lower than T. bernacchii （P<0.05）； However, the amount of Hg, Mn, As, and Se in the duodenum of C. hamatus was significantly higher than T. bernacchii （P<0.05）, The content of Fe, an important constituent element of hemoglobin, in the brain and heart of the C. hamatus is significantly lower than T. bernacchii. Lack of hemoglobin should be the main cause of this difference. The heavy metal content in the duodenum of the C. hamatusis significantly high, which is speculated to be related to its benthic lifestyle, making it more prone to accumulating heavy metals.Compared with fish in other waters, the content of Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Mn and Cu in the two Antarctic species were higher than that of other fish,which may reflect a certain degree of heavy metal pollution in some Antarctic waters.

Key words:Antarctic fish;heart;brain;duodenum;trace element;heavy metal