不同季节菲律宾蛤仔表型性状与出肉率相关性及通径分析

Correlation and path analysis of phenotypic traits on meat yield of Ruditapes philippinarum in different seasons

摘要:

为了研究不同季节菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）表型性状与干出肉率之间的相关性，采集了象山港春季群体270个、夏季群体141个、秋季群体55个，分别测量了壳长（X₁）、壳高（X₂）、壳宽（X₃）、后缘长（X₄）、前缘长（X₅）、活体质量（X₆）、软体质量（X₇）和壳质量（X₈），对软体部脱水后得到干肉质量（X₉）。计算了壳长/壳高（X₁₀）、壳长/壳宽（X₁₁）、壳高/壳宽（X₁₂）、前缘长/后缘长（X₁₃）及干出肉率（Y）。通过相关性分析、通径分析、决定系数分析和回归分析，确定了影响蛤仔出肉率的主要性状，建立了出肉率与表型性状的回归方程。结果显示，秋季群体蛤仔的软体质量变异系数最高，形态性状的变异系数相对较低。夏季群体与干出肉率呈显著相关的表型性状最多。通径分析显示壳长、壳高和壳宽是影响干出肉率的重要因素，其中壳宽对菲律宾蛤仔的出肉率影响尤为明显，秋季和春季时壳宽对干出肉率有显著正向影响，夏季时壳高与壳宽的比值对干出肉率有显著负向影响。春季群体干出肉率回归方程：Y=-9.765+0.888X₁-1.470X₆-0.379X₄+0.609X₃，R²=0.157；夏季群体干出肉率回归方程：Y=5.89+0.884X₂-5.473X₁₂-0.413X₅，R²=0.474；秋季群体干出肉率回归方程：Y=35.286-11.076X₁₁，R²=0.161。本研究可为菲律宾蛤仔出肉率选育提供理论参考。

Abstract:

In order to study the correlation between phenotypic traits and dry meat yield of Ruditapes philippinarum in different seasons， 270 individuals in spring， 141 individuals in summer， and 55 individuals in autumn were sampled in Xiangshan Bay， respectively. The shell length （X₁）， shell height （X₂）， shell width （X₃）， back edge length （X₄）， frond edge length （X₅）， live body mass （X₆）， soft part mass （X₇）， and shell mass （X₈） were measured. The dry meat weight （X₉） was then obtained by dehydrating the soft part mass. SL/SH（X₁₀）， SL/SW（X₁₁）， SH/SW（X₁₂）， FEL/BEL（X₁₃） and dry meat yield were calculated. Correlation analysis， path analysis， determination coefficient analysis， and regression analysis were conducted to identify the main traits affecting the meat yield of the clams and to establish regression equations. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for the soft part mass of the autumn populations was the highest， while the coefficient of variation for morphological traits was relatively lower. In summer， the number of phenotypic traits significantly correlated with dry meat yield were the highest. Path analysis indicated that shell length， shell height， and shell width were important factors affecting dry meat yield. In particular， shell width had a significant positive impact on the meat yield of the R. philippinarum， especially in autumn and spring. In summer， the ratio of shell height to shell width had a significant negative impact on dry meat yield. The regression equation for the dry meat yield of the spring population is： Y=-9.765+0.888X₁-1.470X₆-0.379X₄+0.609X₃， R²=0.157. The regression equation for the dry meat yield of the summer population is： Y=5.89+0.884X₂-5.473X₁₂-0.413X₅， R²=0.474. The regression equation for the dry meat yield of the autumn population is： Y=35.286-11.076X₁₁， R²=0.161. These research findings provide theoretical reference for the selection of high meat yield strains in R. philippinarum.