中西太平洋鲣鱼不同鱼群资源丰度的影响因子比较

Relationship between different factors and abundance index of skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

摘要:

为了探究鲣鱼（Katsuwonus pelamis）自由鱼群和随附鱼群资源丰度受环境与其他种群因子影响的差异。采用2011—2020年中西太平洋鲣鱼的生产统计数据,结合同时期海洋环境数据：海表面温度（Sea surface temperature,SST）、海表面盐度（Sea surface salinity,SSS）和叶绿素a质量浓度（ Chlorophyll-a mass concentration,Chl.a）,以中西太平洋海域的黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）和大眼金枪鱼（Thunnus obesus）的资源丰度作为其他种群因子,基于广义加性模型（Generalized addictive models,GAM）对两种鱼群的影响因素进行分析,并通过赤池信息准则进行模型比较。结果显示,其他种群因子是对两种鱼群影响最大的因子,解释偏差率分别达到了31.40%和67.00%。对于自由鱼群而言,除其他种群因子之外,经度和月份影响较大,其解释偏差率分别为4.15%和4.14%；环境因子中SST最为重要,解释偏差率为3.90%,其次是SSS,解释偏差率为3.78%,Chl.a的影响相对较低,解释偏差率为1.40%；对于随附鱼群而言,除其他种群因子之外,月份和经度影响较大,其解释偏差率分别为20.70%和10.60%；环境因子中SSS影响较大,解释偏差率为8.37%,Chl.a和SST影响较低,解释偏差率为1.13%和0.19%。研究认为,未来的渔情预报模型中需要考虑其他种群因子的影响,以期为今后金枪鱼围网渔场学研究和科学寻找渔场提供参考依据。

关键词:鲣鱼;自由鱼群;随附鱼群;资源丰度;中西太平洋

Abstract:

The main objective of this study is to investigate the differences in the abundance of free-swimming school and associated school of Katsuwonus pelamis influenced by environmental and other population factors. This study utilized the production statistics from 2011 to 2020, combined with marine environmental factors （SST, SSS, Chl.a）, the CPUE data for yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean are used as other population factors.A generalized additive model （GAM） was used to analyze the two fish populations separately, and the final model was confirmed through the akaike information criterion.The results indicate that other population factors had the most significant influence on both school types, and the explanatory deviation rates were 31.40% and 67.00%. For free-swimming schools, longitude and month were significant besides other population factors, and their interpretation deviation rates were 4.15% and 4.14%. Among the environmental factors, SST was the most important, with an explanatory deviation rate of 3.90%, followed by SSS with an explanatory deviation rate of 3.78%, and Chl.a had a lesser impact, with an explanatory deviation rate of only 1.40%. For associated schools, month and longitude were significant, and their interpretation deviation rates were 20.70% and 10.60%. Among the environmental factors, SSS was the most influential, with an explanatory deviation rate of 8.37%,while Chl.a and SST had lesser impacts,with explanatory deviation rates of 1.13% and 0.19%.It is concluded that the effects of other population factors should be considered in the future fishery forecasting models.With the aim of providing a reference for future research in the field of tuna purse-seine fisheries and for the scientific identification of fishing grounds.

Key words:Katsuwonus pelamis;free-swimming school;associated school;abundance;Western and Central Pacific Ocean