基于声学的2023年夏季西北太平洋小型中上层鱼类时空分布

Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of small pelagic fish in the Northwest Pacific Ocean in summer of 2023 based on acoustics methods

摘要:

小型中上层鱼类是西北太平洋重要的渔业资源,其资源变动会对海洋生态系统的结构和功能造成影响,为了解其时空分布特征和资源现状,基于2023年声学走航调查数据,结合拖网采样,分析了2023年西北太平洋小型中上层鱼类夏季资源密度的时空分布情况。结果显示,拖网采集的小型中上层种类主要有沙丁鱼（Sardina pilchardus）、日本鳀（Engraulis japonicus）、日本鲐（Scomber japonicus）、澳洲鲐（Scomber australasicus）和灯笼鱼（Myctophidae）等,其平均资源密度分别为166.82、0.078、18.13、2.76和0.769 t/n mile²。研究表明,小型中上层鱼类在低纬度海域呈现出较高的资源密度,主要分布在黑潮和亲潮的交汇处,大多集中在10~50 m深水层,其单位海里面积散射系数夜晚大于白天且差异显著（P<0.001）。本研究可为西北太平洋小型中上层鱼类资源的可持续开发和管理提供科学依据。

关键词:小型中上层鱼类;时空分布;渔业声学;西北太平洋

Abstract:

Small pelagic fish are important fishery resources in the Northwest Pacific, and their resource fluctuations can have a significant impact on the structure and function of the marine ecosystem. In order to understand their spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and resource status, this study is based on the 2023 acoustic survey data, combined trawl sampling to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of small pelagic fish resources in the Northwest Pacific in summer 2023. The results showed that trawl catch species mainly included European pilchard （Sardina pilchardus）, Japanese anchovies （Engraulis japonicus）,Chub mackerels （Scomber japonicus）, Australian mackerels （Scomber australasicus）, and lanternfish （Myctophidae）with average resource densities of 166.82 t/n mile², 0.078 t/n mile², 18.13 t/n mile², 2.76 t/n mile²and 0.769 t/n mile², respectively.The study showed that small pelagic fish exhibited higher resource densities in low-latitude waters, primarily at the confluence of the Kuroshio Current and Oyashio Current. Vertically, they were mostly concentrated in the 10-50 m water layer. The nautical area scattering coefficient in night was significantly higher than daytime （P<0.001）.This research provides valuable scientific insights for sustainable development and management strategies for small pelagic fish resources in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

Key words:small pelagic fish;spatiotemporal distribution;fishery acoustics;Northwest Pacific Ocean