温度及饵料对锯齿新米虾生长发育和繁殖性能的影响

Effects of temperature and feed on the growth， development， and reproductive performances of Neocaridina denticulata

摘要:

为探究不同温度（20、25和30 ℃）和不同饵料（虾片、沼虾商品饲料和蛋白核小球藻）对锯齿新米虾（Neocaridina denticulata）生长繁殖的影响，以实验室孵化后7 d的锯齿新米虾仔虾为对象进行为期91 d的养殖试验。结果表明，锯齿新米虾的存活率随温度的升高而降低，20 ℃组的存活率（93.33%±7.20%）显著高于30 ℃组（P<0.05）；温度对锯齿新米虾体长、体质量及特定生长率无显著性影响（P>0.05）；随着温度升高锯齿新米虾发育显著加快，30、25和20 ℃下初次抱卵时间分别为（39.25±3.20）、（55.00±1.00）和（162.33±1.53） d；但20 ℃锯齿新米虾初次抱卵时的体长、体质量及抱卵量均显著高于25和30 ℃（P<0.05），25与30 ℃组之间无显著性差异（P>0.05）；3种温度下锯齿新米虾的相对繁殖力无显著性差异（P>0.05）。胚胎孵化时间随温度的升高显著缩短；锯齿新米虾性腺发育的生物学零度为16.57 ℃，有效积温为507.54（℃·d）；胚胎发育的生物学零度为6.69 ℃，有效积温为279.98（℃·d）。投喂蛋白核小球藻组锯齿新米虾的生长速度和存活率显著低于投喂其他饵料组（P<0.05），投喂沼虾商品饲料可以显著提高锯齿新米虾的初次抱卵体长、体质量、抱卵量及相对繁殖力（P<0.05）。综上所述，人工养殖锯齿新米虾的适宜温度为25 ℃左右，沼虾商品饲料是锯齿新米虾的适宜饵料。

Abstract:

The effects of different temperatures （20， 25， and 30 ℃） and different feeds （shrimp flake， commercial prawn feed， and Chlorella pyrenoidosa） on the growth and reproduction performances of Neocaridina denticulata were investigated with the 7-day-old N. denticulata postlarvae. The results showed that the survival rate of N. denticulata decreased with the increasing temperature. The survival rate at 20 ℃ （93.33%±7.20%） was significantly higher than that at 30 ℃ （P<0.05）. Temperature had no significant effect on the body length， mass， and specific growth rate of N. denticulata during the 91-day- cultivation （P>0.05）. The development of N. denticulata accelerated significantly at the increasing temperature. The first time of berried female at 30 ℃， 25 ℃， and 20 ℃ appeared at （39.25±3.20）， （55.00±1.00）， and （162.33±1.53） day， respectively. However， the body length， mass， and egg number of the berried female at 20 ℃ were significantly higher than those at 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ （P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in body length， mass， and egg number between the 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ groups （P>0.05）. There was no significant difference （P>0.05） in the relative reproductive capacity of N. denticulata among the three treatments. The hatching time of postlarva significantly decreased with the increasing temperature. The biological zero and the effective accumulated temperature on gonad development in N. denticulata were 16.57 ℃ and 507.54（℃·d） respectively. The biological zero and the effective accumulated temperature on embryonic development were 6.69 ℃ and 279.98（℃·d） respectively. The growth and survival rates of the N. denticulata fed with Chlorella pyrenoidosa were significantly inferior to those fed with shrimp flake and commercial prawn feed （P<0.05）. Compared to that fed with Chlorella pyrenoidosa， the berried female N. denticulata fed commercial prawn feed displayed significantly higher body length， mass， egg number， and relative reproductive capacity （P<0.05）. In summary， around 25 ℃ is the suitable temperature and commercial prawn feed is a suitable feed for the cultivation of N. denticulata.