虾蟹养殖用移动式自主投饵装置设计与试验

Design and experimentation of a mobile autonomous baiting device for shrimp and crab aquaculture

摘要:

为了解决传统虾蟹养殖投饵装置投饵过于集中的问题，以及研究渔场分布规律在虾蟹养殖中的应用，通过整体结构布局、储料舱、投饵装置、垃圾收集装置、控制系统和动力装置等方面的研究，完成了移动式自主投饵装置的机械结构及智能控制系统设计，进行了稳定性和运动可行性分析，并试制投饲装置样机，进行了水下立体投饲试验。该装置可搭载5 kg饵料，通过推进装置和压水舱进行水下立体投饲，能够模拟自然水域中虾蟹的行为模式，优化饲料分布，从而更贴近自然生态的投饲环境。试验结果表明，该装置可在水下6个不同深度进行投饲，投饲速度为4.9 kg/min，能够满足智能化立体投饲需求，并能收集养殖过程中产生的浮漂垃圾。该投饲装置投喂饲料灵活均匀，可代替人工投饲，减轻劳动强度。同时，可以借助该智能装置记录水体和虾蟹等相关参数，用于渔场分布状况的研究，进一步助力渔场分布规律在水产养殖中的应用，为智慧化精准化养殖提供新的思路。

Abstract:

In order to study the application of the distribution law of fishing grounds in shrimp and crab farming， and to solve the problem of over-concentration of feeding in traditional shrimp and crab farming feeding devices， this study completed the mechanical structure and intelligent control system design of the mobile autonomous feeding device through the research of overall structural layout， storage tank， feeding device， garbage collection device， control system and power device， conducted stability and motion feasibility analysis， trial-produced a feeding device prototype and conducted underwater three-dimensional feeding tests. The device can carry 5 kg of bait and feed underwater three-dimensionally through the propulsion device and the Ballast tank. It can simulate the behavior pattern of shrimps in natural waters and optimize the distribution of feed， thereby creating a feeding environment closer to natural ecological conditions. The test results show that the device can feed at 6 different depths underwater， with a feeding speed of 4.9 kg/min， which can meet the needs of intelligent three-dimensional feeding and collect floating garbage generated during the breeding process. The feeding device can feed flexibly and evenly， and can replace manual feeding to reduce labor intensity. At the same time， the intelligent device can be used to record various parameters such as water bodies， shrimps and crabs for research on the distribution of fisheries， assist in the application of fishery distribution laws in aquaculture， and provide new ideas for intelligent and precise farming.