雌雄专用育肥饲料对中华绒螯蟹亚成体育肥性能、生理代谢和生化组成的影响

Effects of gender-specific fattening diets on fattening performance， physiological metabolism and biochemical composition of pre-adult Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis）

摘要:

中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）单性化养殖是一种具有推广潜力的养殖方式，基于雌雄营养需求配制雌雄专用饲料是实现精准投喂的重要前提。为了研究雌雄专用育肥饲料对雌、雄中华绒螯蟹亚成体养殖性能、生理代谢和生化组成的影响，采用2×2因子实验设计（2种饲料×2种性别），在室外池塘围隔中开展了为期80 d的养殖实验，实验包括雄蟹投喂雄体专用饲料组、雄蟹投喂雌体专用饲料组、雌蟹投喂雌体专用饲料组和雌蟹投喂雄体专用饲料组（分别记为MM、MF、FF和FM），每组各设置4个重复围隔。结果显示：饲料对雌雄蟹的生长、成活率、产量及饲料系数均无显著差异（P>0.05），而雌雄蟹性别之间生长、产量和饲料系数存在显著差异（P<0.05）； FF组肝胰腺指数（HSI）和性腺指数（GSI）高于FM组，且在80 d时GSI差异显著（P<0.05）；除FF组肝胰腺中的总脂含量显著高于FM组外（P<0.05），两种饲料对可食组织中的常规生化成分含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）； 就抗氧化和免疫指标而言，MM组肝胰腺中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），而FF组肝胰腺中的总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性最高；饲料和性别因素对血淋巴中酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性均具有显著影响；就蛋白质和脂质代谢指标而言，MM组肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活性最高，脂肪酶活性最低；FF组肝胰腺中甘油三酯（TG）、血淋巴中总蛋白（TP）、TG、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量均最高。研究表明，雄蟹投喂雄体专用饲料可以提高抗氧化和免疫性能，促进蛋白质沉积；雌蟹投喂雌体专用饲料可以增加肝胰腺中的TG沉积，加速卵巢发育速度。综上，雌雄专用育肥饲料可提高河蟹雌雄分养条件下的育肥养殖效果，促进中华绒螯蟹雌雄单性化养殖技术的推广应用。

Abstract:

Monosex cultivation of Chinese mitten crab is a potentially promising aquaculture method. Customizing gender-specific diets based on the nutritional requirements of males and females is a crucial prerequisite for precise feeding. This study employed a 2×2 factorial experimental design （2 diets × 2 genders） and conducted an 80-day aquaculture experiment in outdoor pond enclosures. The research investigated the effects of gender-specific fattening diets on the cultivation performance， physiological metabolism， and biochemical composition of pre-adult male and female Chinese mitten crabs （Eriocheir sinensis）. The experiment consisted of four groups： males fed with male-specific diet （MM）， males fed with female-specific diet （MF）， females fed with female-specific diet （FF）， and females fed with male-specific diet （FM）. Each group had four replicate enclosures. The results show that： Feeds had no significant effect on the growth， survival rate， yield， and feed conversion （P>0.05）. However， gender had a significant impact on growth， yield， and feed conversion at day 80 （P<0.05）； The hepatosomatic index（HSI） and gonadosomatic index（GSI） of the FF group were higher than those of the FM group， and the GSI difference was significant on the 80th day （P<0.05）. The total fat content in the hepatopancreas was significantly higher in the FF group than in the FM group （P<0.05）. However， there were no significant differences in conventional biochemical components in edible tissues between the dietary groups （P>0.05）； Concerning antioxidant and immune indicators， the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） activity in the hepatopancreas was significantly higher in the MM group than in the other groups （P<0.05）， while the FF group had the highest total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD） activity in the hepatopancreas. Both diet and gender factors significantly influenced acid phosphatase（ACP） activity in the serum （P<0.05）； Regarding protein and lipid metabolism， the MM group had the highest trypsin activity in the hepatopancreas and the lowest lipase activity. The FF group had significantly higher triglyceride（TG） content in the hepatopancreas （P<0.05）. The FF group had the highest levels of total protein（TP）， TG， total cholesterol（TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in the serum. In conclusion， male crabs fed fed male-specific diet demonstrated enhanced antioxidant and immune capacity， promoting protein deposition； female crabs fed female-specific diet accelerated ovarian development and increased triglyceride deposition in the hepatopancreas.