虾蟹养殖池塘机械化研究现状及发展趋势

Research progress and development trend of mechanization of shrimp and crab breeding pond

摘要:

由于领地性特点和游泳能力限制，虾蟹池塘养殖中投饵等生产环节是设备“动”而虾蟹相对“不动”，与鱼“动”而设备“固定”的鱼塘相比机械化更加困难。通过对国内外虾蟹池塘养殖投饵、割草、捕捞、水质管理等环节机械化研究进展进行梳理，从虾蟹池塘机械装备与鱼塘装备相比的移动性差别需求所带来的难点角度出发，对当前所研发装备的复杂性及其所带来的可靠性和使用友好性降低等方面进行分析，指出了当前虾蟹池塘养殖装备在成熟度、环境适应能力、精准反馈等方面存在的问题，针对这些问题在机械装备与绿色生态养殖模式融合、标准化与可靠性、操作人员适配等方面的解决思路进行了讨论，并对虾蟹无人养殖场的发展前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

Due to the territorial characteristics and swimming ability, the production links such as bait in shrimp and crab pond breeding are "moving" and shrimp and crab are relatively "motionless", which is more difficult to mechanize compared with the fish pond with "moving" fish and "fixed" equipment. By sorting out the mechanization research progress of bait casting, grass cutting, fishing, and water quality management in shrimp and crab ponds at home and abroad, from the difficult point of view brought by the mobility difference demand of shrimp and crab pond mechanical equipment compared with fish pond equipment, the complexity of the currently developed equipment and its reduced reliability and use friendliness are analyzed. This paper points out the current problems in maturity, environmental adaptability, accurate feedback and other aspects of shrimp and crab pond breeding equipment. In view of these problems, the integration of mechanical equipment and green ecological breeding mode, standardization and reliability, operator adaptation and other solutions are discussed. The development prospect of unmanned shrimp and crab farm is also discussed.