中国水产品的可持续供给

Sustainable supply of aquatic food in China

摘要:

水产品是中国最重要的动物蛋白来源之一，为中国粮食安全和营养供给做出了重要贡献。随着中国经济的快速发展，中国对水产品的需求和消费有望进一步增加。为了降低未来中国水产品供给的风险，系统地分析了中国水产品供给和消费的现状和发展趋势。研究表明，中国的水产品主要由水产养殖和捕捞渔业供给，进口水产品占国内水产品供给和消费的比例仍低于5.00%。目前水产养殖产量已4倍于捕捞渔业产量，且捕捞渔业增长乏力，而水产养殖产量将继续增加。然而，中国水产养殖面积和水产业从业人员数近年开始逐渐降低，增加了中国水产品稳定、可持续供给的风险。由于中国巨大的水产品供给和消费体量，未来中国水产品供给仍需要坚持立足国内生产。需要提高水产养殖产量来满足中国对水产品需求的增量，同时稳定海洋和内陆捕捞产量，并以进口作为水产品供给的适当补充。需要提高水产养殖集约化水平，努力提高水产养殖单位面积产量和劳动生产效率，同时降低水产养殖对环境的影响，实现“可持续集约化”。本研究还提出了需要加强水产品在粮食安全政策的地位、通过更好的统计数据支撑政策制定、更多和更均衡的资源投入支持水产业发展等建议。

Abstract:

Aquatic food is an essential source of animal protein, significantly contributing to food and nutritional security in China. With the rapid development of China's economy, demand and consumption of aquatic food in China are expected to increase further. In order to reduce the risk and raise the sustainability and robustness of aquatic food supply in China, the present study reviews the status and development trends of aquatic food production and consumption in China. The results show that aquaculture and capture fisheries are China's primary aquatic food sources, while imported aquatic food only accounts for less than 5% of the total aquatic food supply and consumption. China's aquaculture production is four times that of capture fisheries. Capture fisheries production has decreased while aquaculture production has kept increasing. However, China's aquaculture area and the number of practitioners have decreased in recent years, putting sustainable production and supply of aquatic food in China at risk. Due to the enormous production and consumption volume of aquatic food in China, the future aquatic food supply in China still needs to be based on domestic production. Aquaculture production needs to increase to meet China's increasing demand for aquatic food, and marine and inland catch production needs to stabilize, with aquatic food imports supplementing the supply. Aquaculture needs to improve yields per unit area and labor productivity while reducing the environmental impacts to achieve "sustainable intensification". The present study suggests strengthening aquatic food in the national food security framework, supporting sound policy formulation through better statistics, and more balanced resource investment in capture fisheries and aquaculture.