棉粕替代豆粕对斑点叉尾鮰生长、血清生化、体色、肉色以及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of cottonseed meal replacing soybean meal on growth, serum biochemistry, skin color, flesh color and intestinal flora of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)

摘要:

为了探究饲料中添加不同棉粕水平对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)生长、体色、肉色、血清生化指标以及肠道菌群结构的影响。挑选750尾初始体质量为(49.95±0.05)g的斑点叉尾鮰,随机分为3组,每组5个网箱,每个网箱50尾鱼,以无棉粕替代的基础饲料为对照组,以7%(M1组)和14%(M2组)棉粕分别替代基础饲料中25.8%和51.7%的豆粕,配制3种等氮等脂试验饲料,养殖周期为60 d。实验结果表明:与对照组相比,棉粕替代豆粕对斑点叉尾鮰的增重率、饵料系数和形体指标无显著影响;棉粕替代豆粕对血清中补体3、补体4、总胆固醇及甘油三酯含量均无显著影响;与对照组相比,棉粕替代豆粕对斑点叉尾鮰侧面皮肤的亮度、红度、黄度值以及腹部皮肤红度、黄度值均无显著影响, 但高棉粕组(M2)使其腹部皮肤亮度值显著升高;棉粕饲料能够显著提高斑点叉尾鮰背部肌肉的红度值,但各处理组间亮度与黄度值无显著变化;与对照组相比,低棉粕饲料(M1)显著降低肠道梭杆菌门相对丰度,显著提高厚壁菌门相对丰度。综上,当饲料中的棉粕替代低于51.7%豆粕时,不影响斑点叉尾鮰的生长性能,但会影响鱼体体色和肌肉颜色。

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different levels of cottonseed meal added to the feed on the growth, skin color, flesh color, serum biochemical indices and intestinal flora structure of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), seven hundred and fifty channel catfish with an initial body mass of (49.95 ± 0.05) g were selected and randomly divided into three groups of five nets each, with 50 fish in each net cage. The base feed without cottonseed meal substitution was used as the control group, and three isonitrogenous and isolipid test feeds were formulated with 7% (group M1) and 14% (group M2) cottonseed meal replacing 25.8% and 51.7% of soybean meal in the base feed, respectively for 60 days. The experimental results showed that: Compared with the control group, cottonseed meal substituted for soybean meal had no significant effect on weight gain rate, feed coefficient and morphological indexes of channel catfish; Cottonseed meal substituted for soybean meal had no significant effect on serum levels of complement 3, complement 4, total cholesterol and triglycerides; Compared with the control group, cottonseed meal substituted for soybean meal had no significant effect on lateral skin of channel catfish, but the high cottonseed meal group (M2) significantly increased the brightness of the abdominal skin; cottonseed meal significantly increased the redness of the back muscles of the channel catfish, but there was no significant change in the brightness and yellowness values among the treatment groups. The cottonseed meal group had no significant effect on the brightness, redness and yellowness of the abdominal skin of the channel catfish. Compared with the control group, the low cottonseed meal feed (M1) significantly reduced the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes. In conclusion, when cottonseed meal in the feed was replaced by less than 51.7% soybean meal, it did not affect the growth performance of channel catfish, but it affected the skin color and flesh color of the fish.