针对刚毛藻的植物源抑制剂的筛选及工艺优化

Selection and optimization of inhibitors derived from plants for Cladophora sp.

摘要:

刚毛藻(Cladophora sp.)凭借强大的环境适应性异常增殖现象在淡水和海洋浅水区普遍存在。探讨了不同配置、不同提取方式及不同质量浓度的植物浸提液对刚毛藻生长及光合系统的影响,以期为刚毛藻的防治提供科学依据。结果表明:银杏叶、柳树叶及两种落叶复配后的水提液均能对刚毛藻的生长表现出极显著抑制效果,其中银杏叶水提液的抑藻效果最好,96 h时的生长抑制率可达66.65 %。此外,银杏叶水提液对刚毛藻的光合系统也产生了较高的抑制作用,96 h时最大PSⅡ光能转换效率 F_v/F_m、实际光化学效率Yield及非光化学淬灭参数NPQ的抑制率分别达96.69 %、99.22 %和78.06 %。不同提取剂对银杏叶浸提液抑藻效果的实验结果表明,银杏叶乙醇浸提液和丙酮浸提液对刚毛藻的生长抑制作用强于氯仿及水浸提液,其中银杏叶乙醇浸提液对刚毛藻光合系统的抑制效果最好,48 h时F_v/F_m、Yield及快速光曲线初始斜率α值抑制率均可达99 %。进一步研究不同浓度梯度银杏叶乙醇浸提液抑藻效果显示,浸提液质量浓度与抑藻效果存在正相关,3.00 g/L和6.00 g/L质量浓度组对刚毛藻有显著的抑制效果(P<0.05),6.00 g/L质量浓度组96 h时的F_v/F_m、Yield、α值抑制率分别达到99.87 %、100 %和100 %。综上所述,以植物落叶为原料研制针对刚毛藻的抑藻剂是可行的。

Abstract:

Cladophora sp. are cosmopolitans inhabiting waters with different salinity, from freshwater to hypersaline. Eutrophication of marine and inland waters results in the huge development of filamentous green algae, which reach high biomass and occupy large areas in different water bodies. In this study, we explored the effects of different configurations, extraction methods and concentrations of plant extracts on the growth and photosynthetic system of Cladophora sp. The results showed that the fresh weight of Cladophora sp. was significantly inhibited by Ginkgo biloba, willow and two compound leaves extracts The extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves had the best inhibitory effect on Cladophora sp., with a growth inhibition rate of 66.65% at 96 h. Furthermore, the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves also had a higher inhibitory effect on the photosynthetic system of Cladophora sp. . At 96 h, the inhibition rates of maximum PSⅡ light energy conversion efficiency (F_v/F_m), actual photochemical efficiency (Yield) and non-photochemical quenching parameters (NPQ) reached 96.69 %, 99.22 % and 78.06 %, respectively. The experimental results of different extracts on the algal inhibition of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts showed that ethanol and acetone extracts showed stronger inhibition than chloroform and water extracts. Among them, ethanol extracts had the strongest inhibitory effect on the photosynthetic system of Cladophora sp., with the inhibition rates of F_v/F_m, Yield and initial slope of fast light curve (α) all reached 99% at 48 h. In addition, the results showed that there was a positive correlation between the extract concentration and algae inhibition effect. 3.00 g/L and 6.00 g/L groups had significant inhibitory effect on Cladophora sp.. The inhibitory rates of F_v/F_m, Yield and α of 6.00 g/L at 96 h were 99.87 %, 100 % and 100 % respectively. These results suggest that plant leaves extracts may be useful in controlling Cladophora sp..