立体混养和单养模式下凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养成分的分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of muscle nutrient components of Litopenaeus vannamei in multistory culture mode and monoculture mode

摘要:

为了解暗纹东方鲀、凡纳滨对虾和空心菜立体混养模式以及凡纳滨对虾单养模式对凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养成分的影响,采用生化分析方法对两种模式下养成的凡纳滨对虾肌肉进行营养成分测定,并对营养品质进行分析和比较。结果显示:立体混养模式下凡纳滨对虾肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白和粗灰分含量与单养模式下的无显著差异,而粗脂肪含量(0.80%)则显著低于单养组的(1.02%)。在检测出的18种氨基酸中,立体混养模式下极显著高于单养模式的有3种,显著高于单养模式的有3种,显著低于单养模式的有2种,无差异的有10种。立体混养模式下的氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)含量(分别为86.08%、31.19%、44.17%)高于单养模式(分别为82.76%、30.11%、43.00%),鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量(33.51%)显著高于单养模式(31.44%),半必需氨基酸(HEAA)含量(10.71%)极显著高于单养模式(9.65%);立体混养模式的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)和支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值(F值,分别为72.65和2.13)与单养模式(分别为72.46和2.14)差异不大。立体混养模式下的饱和脂肪酸(ΣSFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(ΣMUFA)(分别为32.70%和24.70%)相对百分含量高于单养模式(分别为32.40%和24.33%),而立体混养模式下的多不饱和脂肪酸(ΣPUFA)和EPA+DHA(分别为42.61%和8.84%)相对百分含量则稍低于单养模式(分别为43.27%和10.82%),但两者差异不显著。研究表明,两种养殖模式下的凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养成分差异不明显,但立体混养模式下养成的凡纳滨对虾个体大,肉味更鲜美,且立体混养模式生态环保与经济效益兼顾,符合国家低碳绿色发展要求,因此值得大力推广。

Abstract:

In order to study the differences of muscle nutritional components of Litopenaeus vannamei in multistory culture mode Takifugu obscurus + L. vannamei + Ipomoea aquatica) and monoculture mode, biochemical analysis method was used to analyze and compare the nutritional components of L. vannamei in these two culture modes. The results showed that the moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents of shrimp muscle from multistory culture mode were 77.17%, 21.38% and 1.39%, respectively, which did not differ from monoculture model (74.96%, 22.40% and 1.40%, respectively), but the content of crude fat of the monoculture mode (1.02%) was significantly higher than that of the multistory culture mode (0.80%). 18 kinds of amino acids have been detected in L. vannamei muscle from two culture modes. Among the detected amino acids, 3 kinds of amino acids (tryptophan, glycine, and arginine) of the multistory culture mode were observed to be significantly higher than those of the monoculture mode. In addition, the significantly higher values of threonine, serine and methionine were found in multistory culture mode when compared to the monoculture mode. However, contents of alanine and proline in L. vannamei from multistory culture mode were significantly lower than those of the monoculture mode. The other 10 kinds of amino acids between the monoculture model and the multistory culture model did not differ significantly. The contents of total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in L. vannamei muscle of the multistory culture model (86.08%, 31.19% and 44.17%) were slightly higher than those of the monoculture model (82.76%, 30.11% and 43.00%), but not differing significantly between two culture modes. The content of delicious amino acids (DAA) in L. vannamei muscle of the multistory culture mode (33.51%) was significantly higher than that of the monoculture mode (31.44%). Similarly, the content of half-essential amino acid (HEAA) (10.71%) of the multistory culture model was significantly higher than that of the monoculture mode (9.65%). No significant differences were observed in the essential amino acid index (EAAI) and the ratio of branched chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids (F-value) between the monoculture mode (72.46, 2.14) and the multistory culture mode (72.65, 2.13). The proportion of saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA) in L. vannamei muscle of the multistory culture mode (32.70%, 24.70%) were found to be higher than those of the monoculture mode (32.40%, 24.33%), but no significant differences were noted. In contrast, the multistory culture model reported lower values in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) and EPA+DHA (42.61%, 8.84%) when compared to the monoculture mode (43.27%, 10.82%), but no statistically significant differences were observed. The results indicated that no significant differences in main common nutrient components in L. vannamei muscle were found between the two modes, but positive effects have been observed in growth performance in multistory culture mode as shrimp individuals can reach a bigger commercial size and the meat is more delicious according to amino acid analysis. Moreover, the multistory culture mode has the advantages of both ecological and economic benefits as it meets the reguirements of low-carbon and green development, so it is worth promoting.