饲料中添加黄藤素对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫的影响

Effects of dietary palmatine on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

摘要:

为了研究黄藤素对吉富罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）生长性能、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫的影响，在基础饲料中添加0、0.01%、0.02%、0.04%和0.08%的黄藤素，饲喂初始体质量为0.50 g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼12周。结果表明：饲料中黄藤素水平对罗非鱼末重、增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数无显著影响（P>0.05）。随着黄藤素添加量的提高，血清中AKP、T-AOC活性呈上升趋势，在0.08%组达到最高；0.04%组SOD活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）；各试验组MDA活性均低于对照组。各试验组肝脏SOD、AKP和CAT活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；T-AOC活性表现出上升趋势，各试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；0.08%组GSH-Px活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）；各试验组MDA活性均低于对照组。添加黄藤素提高了罗非鱼血清LZM，补体C4活性和肝脏IL-1β、TNF-α免疫相关基因的表达量；0.04%组巨噬细胞吞噬活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下，饲料中添加0.04%~0.08%黄藤素在维持良好生长性能的同时能有效提高罗非鱼抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫。

Abstract:

The effects of dietary palmatine on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity of GIFT Strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated. A basal diet was supplemented with increasing palmatine to formulate five diets containing 0, 0.01%,0.02%,0.04% and 0.08% of palmatine. Juveniles GIFT with initial mass of 0.50 g were fed experimental diets for 12 weeks. The results showed as follows:there was no significant difference in final mass, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio among all the groups (P>0.05). With the increase of palmatine, the serum activity of AKP and T-AOC showed an increasing trend, and reached the highest value in 0.08% group. The SOD activity in 0.04% group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), and the activity of MDA in palmatine groups was lower than that in the control group. The liver activities of SOD, AKP and CAT were significantly higher in palmatine group than those of the control group(P<0.05). The activity of T-AOC showed an upward trend with increasing of palmatine concentration, and there was no significant difference among the palmatine groups(P>0.05). The liver activity of GSH-Px was significantly higher in 0.08% palmatine group (P<0.05), the activity of MDA in palmatine groups was lower than that in the control group. The increase in activities of LZM and C4 in serum and expression levels of IL-1β,TNF-α in liver,were observed in tilapia fed the diets supplemented with palmatine. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was significantly higher in 0.04% palmatine group (P<0.05). Under the present experimental conditions, the addition of 0.04% to 0.08% of palmatine can maintain good growth performance and effectively improve antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity of GIFT.