罗氏沼虾养殖塘草甘膦残留特征及生态风险评估

Residual characteristics and ecological risk assessment of glyphosate in Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture ponds

摘要:

为了解罗氏沼虾养殖环境中草甘膦除草剂的残留特征及其生态风险，于2019年5-10月，对上海市金山区3口罗氏沼虾养殖塘养殖水、沉积物及塘埂土样品中草甘膦的质量浓度进行监测，并采用商值法对养殖水和沉积物中草甘膦的生态风险进行评估。结果显示：养殖周期内，养殖塘水中草甘膦的检出率为46.7%，最大残留质量浓度为57 μg/L；虾塘沉积物及塘埂土中草甘膦的检出率分别为83.3%和77.8%，最大残留质量浓度分别为1 149 μg/kg和5 057 μg/kg。生态风险评估结果显示，养殖周期内养殖水中残留草甘膦对所选敏感生物的生态风险等级主要为无明显风险和中等风险，沉积物中残留草甘膦对所选敏感生物的生态风险等级主要为中等风险和低风险。研究表明，金山区罗氏沼虾养殖环境中草甘膦的残留水平与国内外其他地区相比处于中等水平，主要来源为塘埂除草时草甘膦除草剂的使用，养殖塘水及沉积物中残留草甘膦对罗氏沼虾养殖存在潜在风险。

Abstract:

Residual characteristics and ecological risk of glyphosate in the culture environment of Macrobrachium rosenbergii(M. rosenbergii)were studied. From May to October 2019,the concentrations of glyphosate in aquaculture water,sediment and ridge soil samples of three M. rosenbergii ponds in Jinshan District of Shanghai were monitored,and the ecological risk of glyphosate in aquaculture water and sediment was assessed by the risk quotient method.Results show that the detection rate of glyphosate in aquaculture water was 46.7%,and the maximum residue value was 57 μg/L. The detection rate of glyphosate in culture pond sediment and ridge soil was 83.3% and 77.8%,and the maximum residue value was 1 149 μg/kg and 5 057 μg/kg,respectively. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that the ecological risk level of glyphosate in aquaculture water to the sensitive organisms was mainly no obvious risk and medium risk, while the ecological risk levels in sediment were mainly medium risk and low risk. Research shows that the residual level of glyphosate in the culture environment of M. rosenbergii in Jinshan was at the middle level compared with other areas at home and abroad,and the main source was the use of glyphosate in pond ridge weeding.The residual glyphosate in aquaculture water and sediment had potential risks to M. rosenbergii.