养殖青鱼组织状态评估及肠道消化酶和抗氧化酶分布特征

Evaluation of tissue status of cultured black carp and distribution characteristics of digestive enzyme and antioxidant enzyme in the intestine

摘要:

为了评估养殖条件下青鱼（Mylopharygodon piceus）不同组织的状态和分析青鱼不同肠段的功能分化，使用组织学半定量系统对青鱼的鳃、肝、脾和肠进行评估，并使用酶活检测分析青鱼不同肠段中消化酶和抗氧化酶的分布。结果表明：青鱼的鳃、肝和脾的状况良好，处于Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级变化，肠道是最受影响的器官，达到Ⅲ级变化，在肠道的组织学分析中发现肠黏膜上皮细胞增生和固有层易碎和坏死。青鱼的Fulton状态指数（fulton’s conditional factor，CF）介于1.01到2.30之间，均值为1.19；肝体指数（hepatic somatic index，HSI）介于0.29到0.93之间，均值为0.58，表明被检测的青鱼状态良好。在青鱼的肠道中，消化酶和抗氧化酶在不同肠段的分布存在显著差异，前肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性显著高于后肠，后肠中超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（glutathione reductase，GR）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性和总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity，T-AOC）显著高于前肠。结果可以为养殖鱼类组织状态评估和肠道不同部分功能差异分析提供一定的参考资料。

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the status of different tissues and analyze the functional differentiation of different intestinal segments of black carp under cultivation conditions, histological semi-quantitative system was used to evaluate the gill, liver, spleen and intestine and enzyme activity detection method was used to analyze the distribution of digestive enzyme and antioxidant enzyme in different intestinal segments of black carp. The results showed that the gill, liver, and spleen of black carp were in good condition and with classⅠand class Ⅱ changes and the intestine was the most affected organ and with class Ⅲ changes. Mucosal epithelial cell hyperplasia and lamina propria friable and necrotic were found in Intestinal histological analysis. Fulton’s Conditional factor (CF) of the black carp ranged from 1.01 to 2.30 with an average value of 1.19 and Hepatic somatic index (HSI) ranged from 0.29 to 0.93 with an average of 0.58, which indicated that the detected black carp were in good condition. The distribution of digestive enzyme and antioxidant enzyme in the different intestine segments was significant differences and the activity of amylase, lipase and trypsin in foregut is significantly higher than hindgut. Different from the digestive enzyme, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the hindgut were significantly higher than foregut. The results can provide references for the evaluation of the tissue status of cultured fish and the analysis of the functional differences between different parts of the intestine.