东海北部外海剑尖枪乌贼渔业生物学特征

Fisheries biology characteristics of Uroteuthis edulis off the northern East China Sea

摘要:

根据2017和2018年的9月—翌年2月拖网渔船在东海北部外海采集的剑尖枪乌贼样本，研究其基础生物学特征。结果表明，个体的优势胴长和体质量组雄性分别为100~180 mm和40~160 g（n=309尾），雌性分别为80~160 mm和40~160 g（n=304尾），雌雄个体的胴长和体质量年间不存在差异。协方差分析（ANCOVA）表明，雄性个体体质量-胴长关系年间差异显著（P<0.05），而雌性年间差异不显著（P>0.05）。性成熟胴长雄性主要集中在大于120 mm的个体，雌性为大于140 mm的个体，并且呈现出较小体型下即可达到性腺成熟的趋势。雌性个体的胴长和体质量生长速率略快于雄性，并且雌雄个体的体质量生长率年间差异较大。综合分析认为：两年间采样的剑尖枪乌贼种群为春季和夏季产卵种群，2018年样本中夏季产卵种群的幼体数量较多。因此，研究剑尖枪乌贼渔业生物学动态特征是资源持续开发和渔业管理的基础。

Abstract:

The sword-tip squid is one of the important economic squid resources in the East China Sea. However, the fishery biology characteristics of the feeding ground in the northern East China Sea are still unclear. Based on the samples of the sword-tip squid collected by the trawlers in the northern part of the East China Sea from September 2017 to February 2018 and September 2018 to February 2019, the basic biological traits were studied. Results have shown that the dominant mantle length and body weight group of male individuals are 100-180 mm and 40-160 g(n=309 ind), respectively, and females are 80-160 mm and 40-160 g (n=304 ind), respectively, and there were differences in the mantle length and weight of the male and female individuals over the years. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) showed that there were significant differences in body weight-mantle length relationship between males over the years (P<0.05), while the female differences were not significant (P>0.05). Male mature length is mainly concentrated on individuals larger than 120 mm, female is large than 140mm, and the tendency of maturation could be seen under a small mantle length. The mantle length and body weight growth rate of female individuals were faster than males, and the weight growth rate of male and female individuals varied greatly from year to year. According to the comprehensive analysis, the populations of the swordtip squid sampled over the past two years were all spawning populations in spring and summer, and the number of larvae in the spawning population in summer of 2018 was large. Therefore, understanding the dynamic biological characteristics of the fisheries of the swordtip squid is the basis of sustainable resource development and fishery management.