南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场与海洋环境因子的关系

Relationship between Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis fishing ground and marine environmental factors in Nansha area

摘要:

根据2013年在南沙海域4个航次的声学走航调查数据，以鸢乌贼的资源生物量为渔场指标，结合遥感获得的海表温度（sea surface temperature，SST）、海面高度（sea surface height， SSH）、海表盐度（sea surface salinity，SSS）和叶绿素a浓度（chlorophyll-a concentration， Chl.a）等海洋环境数据，采用广义可加模型（generalized additive models，GAM）建立渔场与海洋环境因子之间关系模型。研究表明：南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场分布有明显季节差异，春季主要集中于南沙西南部和越南东部海域，夏季和秋季主要分布于南沙南部海域，冬季主要分布于南沙中南部海域；各环境因子中SSH与SSS对渔场有显著影响，SST和Chl.a影响不显著；影响渔场的主要因子有SSH、SSS、经度（LON）和纬度（LAT），并依据赤池信息准则（akaike information criterion，AIC）建立渔场与影响因子的最优关系模型，模型的总偏差解释率为54.7%，进入最优模型的4个因子中，纬度对模型的影响最大；南海鸢乌贼渔场的形成除地理位置影响外，与海流洋流影响关系密切。

Abstract:

According to the acoustic navigation survey data of four voyages in the Nansha sea area in 2013, combined with remote sensing, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), sea surface salinity (SSS) and marine environmental data such as chlorophyll-a concentration (chl.a), using the generalized additive models (GAM), a relationship model between fishery biomass and marine environmental factors was established. The research shows that:There are obvious seasonal differences in the distribution of squid fishing grounds in the Nansha Sea area, in spring the fishing ground is mainly concentrated in the southwestern part of Nansha and the eastern part of Vietnam, in summer and autumn, the fishing ground is mainly distributed in the southern part of Nansha, and in winter the fishing ground is mainly distributed in the south and south of Nansha; SSH in various environmental factors and SSS have a significant impact on fishery biomass, SST and chl.a are not significant; The main factors affecting the biomass of fishery are SSH, SSS, longitude (LON) and latitude (LAT), and the optimal relationship model between fishery biomass and impact factor is established based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC); The total deviation interpretation rate of the model is 54.7%; Among the four factors in the optimal model, the latitude has the greatest impact on the model; The formation of the South China Sea squid fishing ground is closely related to the influence of ocean currents.