压载水转移外来物种区域化生态风险管理研究
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交通运输部海事局2016年海事科技项目(0706-16400003N020)


Study on regional ecosystem risk management of non-indigenous species transfer via ballast water
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    摘要:

    2016年国际海事日主题“航运业:之于世界,不可或缺。”高度概括了航运业与世界经济之间的关系。航运业作为国际贸易的桥梁,连接了全球80%以上的货物往来,在助推全球化经济高速发展的同时,也随之带来了一些海洋环境问题。其中船舶压载水携带的各类水生物和病原体对港区水域的生态环境有潜在的破坏性影响,据统计,每天有超过7 000个物种被船舶压载水转移至新地区,其中有一些致病菌和赤潮生物。这些外来物种的入侵,能够破坏当地水域的生态平衡,影响海洋生物的多样性,危害渔业资源,甚至威胁当地居民的健康。就此,国际层面出台了一系列的国际性公约,如联合国(UN)的《联合国海洋法公约》、《国际卫生条例(2005)》、《生物多样性公约》等,而其中国际海事组织(IMO)制定的《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》(下称《压载水公约》),已于2017年9月8日正式对航运界生效。本文结合《压载水公约》,探讨压载水转移外来物种区域化生态风险评估方法,为港口国履约提供新的生态环境管理思路。

    Abstract:

    The theme for World Maritime Day 2016 is "Shipping:indispensable to the world." which highly summarized the relationship between the shipping industry and the world economy. As a bridge of the international trade, the shipping industry connects more than 90% of the world's goods, however, it also brings about some marine environment problems while boosting the rapid development of the global economy.All kinds of aquatic organisms and pathogens carried by ballast water have potential destructive effects on the ecological environment of the port waters, according to statistics, more than 7 000 species are transported tothe new areas by ballast water every day, there are some pathogenic bacteria andalgae in ballast water. The invasion ofthese non-indigenous speciescould destry the ecological balance of the local waters, and then have a great effect on the diversity of marine organisms, moreoverendanger fishery resources and even the health of local residents.At this point, a series of international conventions have been developed, such as the United Nations' , (2005), etc, includingthe (hereinafter referred to as BWM Convention) developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), whichhave already entered into force in September 8, 2017.This paper combines the BWM Convention to discuss Regional Ecosystem Risk Assessment of Non-Indigenous Species Transfer via Ballast Water, and then provides a new idea on the ecological environment management for port states.

    参考文献
    [1] International maritime organization (IMO). IMO World Maritime Day 2016[EB/OL]. http://www.imo.org/en/Pages/Default.aspx.
    [2] 综合规划司. 2016年规模以上港口货物、旅客吞吐量快报数据[EB/OL]. 北京:交通运输部, (2017-02-10). http://zizhan.mot.gov.cn/zfxxgk/bnssj/zhghs/201702/t20170210_2163163.html. Data on cargo and passengers throughput of ports above designated size in 2016[EB/OL]. Beijing:Ministry of Transport, China, (2017-02-10). http://zizhan.mot.gov.cn/zfxxgk/bnssj/zhghs/201702/t20170210_2163163.html.
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    [8] IMO. Guidelines for the control and management of ships ballast water to minimize the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens[R]. London:IMO, 1997.
    [9] IMO. Decision VI/23 of the 2002 conference of the parties (cop 6) to the CBD on alien species that threaten ecosystems, habitats or species, including guiding principles on invasive species[R]. London:IMO, 1998.
    [10] WHO. International health regulations 2005[R]. Geneva:WHO, 2005.
    [11] 刘瑀胡岚岚宋成文. 船舶压载水风险评估[C]//中国航海学会2007年度学术交流会优秀论文集. 北京:中国航海学会, 2007:27-28. LIU Y, HU L L, SONG C W. Risk assessment of ship ballast water[C]//Excellent Papers on Academic Exchange of 2007 Annual Meeting of Chinese Society of Navigation. Beijing:China Institute of Navigation, 2007:27-28.
    [12] IMO. Resolution MEPC.162(56):Guidelines for risk assessment under regulation A-4 of the BWM convention (G7)[R]. London:IMO, 2007.
    [13] 全球压载水管理项目(Globallast)[EB/OL].http://archive.iwlearn.net/globallast.imo.org/globallast.imo.org/index.html.Globallast[EB/OL]. http://archive.iwlearn.net/globallast.imo.org/globallast.imo.org/index.html.
    [14] IMO. Resolution MEPC.161(56):Guidelines for additional measures regarding ballast water management (BWM) including emergency situations (G13)[R]. London:IMO, 2007.
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李世博,黄燕嫄.压载水转移外来物种区域化生态风险管理研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(3):416-419.
LI Shibo, HUANG Yanyuan. Study on regional ecosystem risk management of non-indigenous species transfer via ballast water[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2018,27(3):416-419.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-11-07
  • 最后修改日期:2018-01-31
  • 在线发布日期: 2018-07-02
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