中国近岸海域船舶压载水浮游植物特征分析

Phytoplankton study of ship ballast water based on high seas exchange

摘要:

船舶压载水作为不同海域之间浮游植物传播的重要途径，可能会引发一系列生态风险。2015年4月到2016年7月选取停靠在上海洋山港且上一压载地为中国近岸海域的6艘船舶，分析船舶压载水浮游植物。共采集到浮游植物3门22种，包括硅藻门17种、甲藻门4种、金藻门1种，优势种为硅藻。其中渤海海域压载水浮游植物2门5种，包括硅藻门4种、甲藻门1种，丰度为9.66×10² cells/L；黄海海域3门10种，包括硅藻门7种、甲藻门2种、金藻门1种，丰度为8.955×10² cells/L；东海海域2门4种包括硅藻门3种、金藻门1种，丰度为6.83×10² cells/L；南海海域2门11种包括硅藻门6种、甲藻门5种，丰度为22.915×10² cells/L。调查发现到港船舶压载水中浮游植物与其压载地的浮游植物间存在差异，压载水中浮游植物种类组成可能受压载地当地受气团、季节等因素影响。压载水中少量物种为传入其他海区的外来物种或其它海区的赤潮种。

Abstract:

April 2015 to July 2016, the samples for ballast water were collected from six vessels that were docked in the upper ocean mountain harbor and who conducted the last ballast in the coastal of China. There were totally 22 species of phytoplankton under 3 phyla, including 17 ofBacillariophyta,4 of Pyrrophytaand 1 of Chrysophyta. The dominant species is diatoms.The phytoplankton from bohai sea covers 5 genes from two phyla with the abundance of 9.66 x 10² cells/L. 10 genes from 3 phyla were identified from the water samples from yellow sea water with the density of 17.91 x 10² cells/L. the abundance of water samples from east China sea is 6.83 x 10² cells/L, including four genes from 2 phyla.The phytoplankton abundance in south China sea is 22.915 x 10²cells/L, including 11 genes (6 for Bacillariophytaand 5 for Pyrrophyta) of 2 phyla.The survey found that there is a difference between phytoplankton and phytoplankton in the ballast water of ships arriving at the port.The composition of phytoplankton in the ballast water may be influenced by local air-bearing groups and seasonal factors. A small number of species in ballast water are exotic species introduced into other sea areas or red tide species in other sea areas.