盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区实验北区不同生境鸟类群落多样性研究

Study on bird diversity of different habitats in the Northern Experimental Area of Yancheng National Nature Reserve

摘要:

为了解江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区实验北区内不同生境鸟类群落多样性及人为干扰的影响，于2015年10月至2016年7月，采用样带法分春夏秋冬四季对研究区域内鸟类进行实地调查，结合3S技术将生境进行分类，并对鸟类组成以及不同生境内鸟类多样性特征与变化进行分析。结果表明：研究区域内共统计到鸟类12目27科67种，鸟类区系和留居型以古北种和候鸟为主。不同生境内鸟类群落多样性指数呈现人工湿地最高，人类活动区最低；均匀度指数与人为干扰程度呈显著负相关关系（y=1.883x+1.738，R²=0.9030，P<0.05），表现为浅海水域最高，人类活动区最低。不同生境间的多样性最高值出现在盐沼与人工湿地之间。在不同季节不同生境下鸟类多样性在人工湿地和盐沼生境中要普遍高于其他各生境，且最高值和最低值分别出现在秋季和夏季。

Abstract:

In order to understand the bird diversity of different habitats and the impacts of human disturbance in the Northern Experimental Area of Yancheng Nature Reserve, Jiangsu, seasonal bird surveys were carried out with the methods of line transects during the period from October 2015 to July 2016. The habitats of study area were classified according to 3S technology, and the characteristics and variation of bird diversity in different habitats were analyzed. 67 bird species from 12 orders, 27 families were recorded in this region. The major floristic composition and residence type were palaearctic species and migratory birds. The index of bird diversity in different habitats was the highest in artificial wetlands and the lowest in human activity areas. There was a significant negative correlation between uniformity index and human disturbance index (y=1.883x+1.738, R²=0.903, P<0.05), which leads to the highest value in shallow sea waters and the lowest in human activity areas. Also, the highest values of bird diversity among different habitats occurred between salt marshes and artificial wetlands. In different habitats and different seasons, bird diversity in artificial wetlands and salt marshes was generally higher than that in other habitats, and the highest and lowest values appeared in autumn and summer, respectively.