福建闽南沿海养殖牡蛎食用健康风险评估

Health risk assessment of the cultured oyster along the southern coast of Fujian province in China

摘要:

牡蛎能富集栖息环境中多种污染物，可做为监测海域污染状况的指示生物。为评估牡蛎食用安全性，采用2015年对福建闽南沿海主要牡蛎产区养殖牡蛎监测数据，计算不同海区牡蛎中主要污染物：无机砷、甲基汞、铅、镉、铜、多环芳烃、多氯联苯、六六六、DDT的暴露边界值（MOE）和总致癌风险指数（R_TC），评估食用健康风险。结果表明：各污染物的平均暴露边界值在1.00×10^-6~0.111之间，均小于1；平均总致癌风险指数在2.88×10^-5~3.16×10^-5之间，未超过可接受风险水平1×10^-4。因此，闽南沿海养殖牡蛎的食用健康风险在可接受范围内。通过比较牡蛎中各种污染物的食用健康风险值及分析主要风险因子的分布与变化特征，发现闽南沿海养殖牡蛎食用健康风险主要来源于重金属，镉、铅、甲基汞的暴露边界值较高，无机砷对总致癌风险指数贡献率大；在所监测持久性有机污染物中，多氯联苯不仅暴露边界值远高于其他几种持久性有机污染物，其对总致癌风险指数的贡献也高于其他几种持久性有机污染物。因此，镉、铅、甲基汞、无机砷和多氯联苯应是闽南养殖牡蛎食用健康风险监控的重点。

Abstract:

Oyster is a biological indicator of sea area pollution status,and it can concentrate many kinds of pollutants in body from habitat environment. To assess oyster health risk, we calculated the margin of exposure (MOE) and total carcinogenic risk index (R_TC)of main pollutants including inorganic arsenic, methylmercury, Pb, Cd, Cu, PAHs, PCBs, HCB and DDT in culture oyster samples collected from the mariculture zone along the southern coast of Fujian province in China in 2015. The results showed that pollutants average MOE were between 1.00×10^-6-0.111, less than 1 and average R_TC were between 2.88×10^-5-3.16×10^-5, less than the maximum acceptable risk level of 10^-4. Therefore the health risk of cultured oyster was acceptable. The health risk values of pollutants were compared and the distribution and variation features of main food risk factors were discussed. The primary health risk of culture oyster along the southern coast of Fujian province in China was from heavy metal, the MOE of Cd, Pb and methylmercury were much higher than other pollutants, and inorganic arsenic contributed to R_TC was much greater than other pollutants. The MOE of PCBs was much higher than the other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and PCBs contributed to R_TC was much greater than the other POPs. So the concentration of Cd, Pb, methylmercury, inorganic arsenic and PCBs in cultured oyster should be the focus of health risk.