黄河鲤肌间骨发育的形态学观察

Developmental and morphological study of intermuscular bones in Cyprinus carpio haematopterus

摘要:

采用整体骨骼染色、形态学解剖的方法，对黄河鲤（Cyprinus carpio haematopterus）仔稚鱼肌间骨的形态发生及成鱼肌间骨数目、形态、分布进行研究。结果显示，黄河鲤14 dpf（day post fertilization， 体长11.29 mm）肌间骨首先在尾部出现，此时其他骨骼包括主轴骨及附肢骨均已骨化完全。伴随鱼体生长，肌间骨由尾向头依次骨化，26 dpf（体长15.60 mm）肌间骨骨化全部完成。黄河鲤肌间骨数在93~104之间，平均为98根；鱼体一侧髓弓小骨平均为34枚，脉弓小骨平均为15枚。黄河鲤肌间骨存在7种形态：“I”形、“卜”形、“Y”形、一端多叉形、两端两分叉形、两端多叉形和树枝形，越靠近鱼体前端肌间骨形态越复杂。研究结果为今后揭示黄河鲤肌间骨骨化的分子机制，培育少肌间骨甚至无肌间骨的黄河鲤提供了形态学基础。

Abstract:

To investigate the ossificational process of intermuscular bones in Cyprinus carpio haematopterus, the modified bone clearing and staining experiment were conducted to study the number, morphology, distribution of intermuscular bones in C.c.haematopterus. It was reveled that the initial intermuscular bones were ossified at 14 dpf (day post fertilization) with the standard length of 11.29 mm, in which period the other types of bones had already showed up completely. The first appeared intermuscular bones were located in the tail region and then turned toward the head. When the larvae were 40 dpf with the standard length of 15.60 mm, all the intermuscular bones basically appeared and were equally distributed from the tail to the head. The number of intermuscular bones in C.c.haematopterus ranged from 93 to 104 with an average of 98. The average number of epineurals in each side of the body was 34, and the epipleurals was 15. Seven types were included: non-forked, one-end-unequal-bi-fork, one-end-equal-bi-fork, one-end-multi-fork, two-end-bi-fork, two-end-multi-fork, and tree-branch types. Generally,the morphological complexity of most intermuscular bones in anterior body was greater than that in posterior body. These results will be helpful for us to further understand the molecular mechanism underlying intermuscular bone development as well as the breeding of C.c.haematopterus with fewer or even no intermuscular bone.