渔业与中国对南沙群岛主权的国际法依据分析

The international law analysis of fishery and the protection of Chinese sovereignty over the Nansha Islands

摘要:

渔业生产及相应行政管理是中国依据国际法“有效占领”原则拥有南沙群岛主权的重要历史依据。有效占领是一国根据先占原则拥有领土主权的关键步骤。在偏远或自然环境相对恶劣的地区，有效占领的标准可适当降低，只要占领国行使和展示了与领土情况相适宜的主权行为即可。中国南沙群岛远离大陆，自然环境相对恶劣，自古以来渔业便是南沙开发管理的最主要方式之一。中国南沙渔业发展史不仅证明了中国因航海和渔业开发最早发现了南沙群岛，而且证明了中国因实施渔业行政管理而对南沙群岛及其海域实施了相适宜的管辖行为，有效占领了南沙群岛，拥有南沙主权。

Abstract:

The fishing activities and administrative management are important historic grounds for Chinese sovereignty over the Nansha Islands according to 'effective occupation' in the international law.Effective occupation is the key step for a nation to acquire territorial sovereignty based on the occupation principle in the international law. In the remote or harsh areas, the requirements of effective occupation could be reduced appropriately, if only the occupying state exercises and demonstrates the sovereignty which is appropriate to the territory situation. The Nansha Islands of China is far away from the mainland, and the natural conditions are adverse. Since the ancient times, fishery is one of the most important ways for the development and management of the Nansha Islands. The fishery history of the Nansha Islands in China not only proves that China discovered the Nansha Islands firstly for the navigation and fishery development, but also confirms that China has implemented jurisdiction over them on account of the administrative management over fishery activities which is corresponding to the Nansha Islands and its adjacent waters, and occupied the Nansha Islands effectively, and therefore has owned the sovereignty over them.