印染排放尾水对几种海洋生物幼体的毒性研究

Toxicity of treated printing and dyeing effluents on several juvenile marine animals

摘要:

为了评估某印染工业园区印染排放尾水对海洋生物的毒性,以甲壳类(脊尾白虾、三疣梭子蟹)、鱼类(半滑舌鳎、鲻鱼)、贝类(缢蛏)、螺类(泥螺)幼体为实验对象,在96 h急性毒性实验的基础上,结合毒性单位分级体系、潜在生态毒性效应指数法研究了印染排放尾水对海洋生物幼体的毒性。结果表明,本实验印染废水经过污水处理厂处理后,仅苯胺的含量超过了《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》,但符合《污水综合排放标准》,其余水质指标均符合两类排放标准。本实验的印染排放尾水对受试海洋生物幼体的96 h-LC₅₀顺序为:半滑舌鳎>脊尾白虾>鲻鱼>三疣梭子蟹>缢蛏>泥螺;对受试生物幼体的毒性单位平均值为4.16,属于中毒水平;对受试生物幼体的潜在生态毒性值为4.72,属于高毒水平。

Abstract:

To accurately evaluate the comprehensive toxicity of treated printing and dyeing effluents, the 96-hour acute toxicity tests were conducted with juvenile Exopalaemon carinicauda, Portunus trituberculatus, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Mugil cephalus, Sinonovacula constricta, and Bullacta exarata, and the toxicity unit classification system and potential ecotoxic effects probe(PEEP) were used to evaluate the biological toxicity of treated printing and dyeing effluents. The results showed that the major physical and chemical characteristics of treated printing and dyeing effluents conform to the standards of “Discharge standards of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry” and “Integrated effluents discharge standard” except aniline, but the content of aniline was very low. The 96-hour acute toxicity tests showed that the sequence of acute toxicity level was C. semilaevis >E. carinicauda >M. cephalus >P. trituberculatus >S. constricta >B. exarata, and the treated printing and dyeing effluent was classified as moderate toxicity grade with the value of 4.16 by toxicity unit classification system, meanwhile, the value of PEEP was 4.72, being classified as highly toxic grade. The biological monitoring methods can be used to estimate synthetic toxicity of treated printing and dyeing effluents completely.