3种添加剂对鲤幼鱼生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性的影响

A study of effects using three additives on growth performance, digestive enzymes and the activity of the immune-related enzymes of the juveniles common carp

摘要:

为探索枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗菌素应用于鲤幼鱼饲料的可行性，在对照组（G0）基础上分别添加黄霉素4 mg/kg（G1）、喹烯酮125 mg/kg（G2）和枯草芽孢杆菌300 mg/kg（G3），饲喂平均体质量为24.39 g的鲤幼鱼56 d。结果表明，与对照组相比，枯草芽孢杆菌对鲤幼鱼生长和消化酶活性的提高均有显著的促进作用（P<0.05），并可显著提高血清中溶菌酶（LSZ）以及降低谷草转氨酶（GOT）和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）的活性（P<0.05），而两种抗菌素的促生长效果不显著（P>0.05），但黄霉素可显著提高后肠蛋白酶、脂肪酶以及肝胰脏淀粉酶的活性（P<0.05），而喹烯酮的促消化作用不显著（P>0.05），两种抗菌素均可显著提高LSZ的活性（P<0.05），黄霉素还可显著降低GOT和GPT的活性（P<0.05），喹烯酮可显著提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性（P<0.05）。与抗菌素组相比，枯草芽孢杆菌在提高后肠淀粉酶和脂肪酶以及肝胰脏蛋白酶活性方面显著高于黄霉素（P<0.05），其整体促进消化酶活性作用优于喹烯酮。此外，其碱性磷酸酶（AKP）及SOD活性显著高于黄霉素组（P<0.05），GOT和GPT活性显著低于喹烯酮组（P<0.05），得出枯草芽孢杆菌可以显著提高鲤幼鱼生长和消化酶活性，并可显著影响其免疫相关酶的活性，可以替代这两种抗菌素应用于鲤配合饲料中。

Abstract:

In order to explore whether it is feasible for Bacillus subtilis to replace antibiotics to be applied in juvenile common carp feed, an 8 week feeding trial was under conducted with adding Flavomycin(4 mg/kg)(G1), Quinocetone(125 mg/kg)(G2) and Bacillus subtilis(300 mg/kg)(G3) to feed initial body weight of (24.39±0.30)g. The results showed that, compared with the control group, Bacillus subtilis had great promotion on growth performance and digestive enzymes activity, besides, it can also improved the LSZ activity and reduced the GOT and GPT activity(P<0.05). But the two antibiotics groups all had no function in promoting growth performance(P>0.05), whereas, the Flavomycin group can increase the activity of protease and lipase of hindgut and amylase of hepatopancreas(P<0.05),and the Quinocetone group had no funcition in this aspect(P>0.05). What's more, the two groups adding antibiotics both can increase the LSZ activity(P<0.05), and the Flavomycin can reduce the GOT and GPT activity significantly(P<0.05), and the SOD activity was extraordinarily higher in Quinocetone group(P<0.05). Besides, compared with the antibiotics groups, we can find that the amylase and lipase activities of hindgut of Bacillus subtilis group were super higher than the Flavomycin group(P<0.05), and it had better promoting digestion ability than Quinocetone. Whatever , the SOD and AKP were greatly higher than Flavomycin(P<0.05),and the GOT and GPT activities were significantly decreased than Quinocetone group(P<0.05). So we can conclude that Bacillus subtilis had better function on promoting growth performance , increasing digest enzyme activity, and it also significantlty influenced the immune serum enzymes activity. So we can use Bacillus subtilis to replace these two kinds of antibiotics to be applied in juvenile common carp feed.