千岛湖刺网渔获物中鱼类群落结构及多样性特征分析

Community structure and diversity of fishes in Qiandao Lake

摘要:

2010年7月-2011年10月、2012年3月-2013年2月对千岛湖三个湖区鱼类资源进行了调查,同步测定透明度、总磷、总氮、叶绿素a、硝酸盐氮、氨氮、温度等水质指标。本研究调查了54种鱼,隶属6目11科。其中鲤形目(39种)种类最多,占调查物种总数的72.2%。根据栖息环境和洄游方式、栖息水层的垂直分布、食性类型对调查鱼类进行生态类型划分。细鳞鲴(Xenocypris microleps)、大眼华鳊(Sinibrama macrops)、蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus Basilewsky)等湖泊定居性中小型鱼类为主要优势种。用个体数和生物量两种方法计算千岛湖鱼类群落多样性指数,表现为不同湖区存在差异且总体偏低。物种丰富度指数 D_N、D_W 分别为1.72和0.74,多样性指数H'_N、H'_W分别为1.40和1.41,均匀度指数J'_N、J'_W分别为0.70和0.71。

Abstract:

Gillnet surveys were conducted on the fishes resources in Qiandao Lake during July 2010 to October 2011 and March 2012 to February 2013. Transparency, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, nitrate, ammonia, temperature and other water quality parameters were measured simultaneously. 54 fish species were collected,belonging to 11 families,and 6 orders. Cypriniformes had the largest species number which accounted for 72.2% of the total.Ecotypes of different fish species were classified according to habitat and migratory ways, vertical distribution of the dwelling water layer and the diet types. The dominant species were of small and medium-sized sedentary fish such as Xenocypris microleps, Sinibrama macrops, Culter mongolicus, and Culter alburnus. Fish diversity index was estimated using individual numbers or biomass, Margalef richness index D_N and D_W were 1.72 and 0.74 respectively, while Shannon diversity indices H'_N and H'_W were 1.40 and 1.41 respectively. Pielou evenness indices J'_N and J'_W in the Lake were 0.70 and 0.71,respectively.