我国渔业水域环境保护与管理的法律制度评析

Review of legal system of fishery waters environment protection and management in China

摘要:

我国渔业水域环境保护与管理的基本法律制度初步形成于20世纪80年代，90年代以来有所调整和加强，在综合性水环境保护和管理制度基础上，初步形成了渔业水域环境监测和评价制度、渔业水质标准制度、渔业污染事故调查处理和赔偿制度、渔业水域生态环境损害预防、补救和赔偿制度等专门的渔业水域环境保护与管理制度，法律制度建设初见成效，但仍存在一定的问题：（1）与《海洋环境保护法》、《水污染防治法》、《渔业法》中有关基本法律规定相配套的法规不完整，致使法律制度的可执行性较差。（2）部分重要的法律规定不明确，存在执行上的困难或无法执行。（3）现有法律制度未能严格执行。（4）一些重要的法律制度不健全。建议应进行渔业水域环境保护与管理的综合性专项立法；尽快修改或重新制定《渔业法》、《水污染防治法》的实施细则或实施条例；严格执行现有的法律制度；积极探索公众参与渔业水域环境保护和监管的制度与机制。

Abstract:

The Chinese basic legal system of environmental protection and management in fishery waters was preliminarily formed in 1980s, which has been adjusted and strengthened since 1990s. On the basis of the integrated waters environmental protection and management system, the Chinese basic legal system of environmental protection and management in fishery waters preliminarily formed fishery waters environmental monitoring and evaluation system, fishery waters quality standard system, systems on inquiry, settlement and compensation on fishery pollution accidents, specialized system on injury prevention, remedy and compensation of ecological environment in fishery waters. The construction of legal system has gained achievement, but there are still some problems: （1）Matching regulations on relevant basic legal rules of Marine Environmental Protection Law, Water Pollution Prevention Law and Fisheries Law are imperfect, which leads to the legal system poor enforceability. （2） Part of critical laws are undefined, which has some difficulties on enforcement or is unable to enforce. （3） The current legal system failed to enforce strictly. （4）Some of the critical legal systems are imperfect. Suggestions: Make integrated special legislation on fishery waters environmental protection and management. Modify or reformulate rules and regulations for implementation on Fisheries Law and Water Pollution Prevention Law. Implement current legal system strictly. Take an active part in developing the system and mechanism on environmental protection and monitoring of fishery waters.