上海临港新城地表径流污染特征研究

Research on the pollution characteristics of surface runoff in Lingang New City

摘要:

随着城市点源污染控制程度的提高，雨水径流引起的面源污染日益突出。在对上海临港新城不同功能区降雨径流水质监测的基础上，分析了地表径流污染物的出流规律、各污染物在不同功能区的空间分布及各污染物之间的相关性。结果表明：降雨特征不同，污染物的出流规律不同。强降雨事件中，径流具有初期效应，只要控制初期径流，面源污染即得到有效控制；而弱降雨事件中，几乎没有初期效应，整场降雨径流必须得到有效控制。路面径流中，总氮（TN）在交通区、商居混合区和文教区的8场降雨事件平均值中值分别为5.39、6.14和3.27 mg/L；化学需氧量（COD_Mn）中值为16.9、13.4和6.7 mg/L；氨氮（NH₃-N）的中值为2.79、1.82和0.71 mg/L；总磷（TP）的中值为0.27，0.24和0.07 mg/L。屋面径流中，商居混合区绿化屋面TN、COD_Mn、NH₃-N和TP的8场降雨事件平均值中值分别为：2.14、23.7、1.22和0.41 mg/L；文教区瓦屋面的中值分别为：2.23、4.43、0.64和0.13 mg/L。文教区径流污染较轻，交通区和商居混合区径流污染较重；各功能区路面径流污染较屋面严重，主要污染物均是TN和COD_Mn。初期径流中的污染物主要依附于固体颗粒物上存在。

Abstract:

With more control of point source pollution, nonpoint source pollution attracted more and more attention. The pollutants variation over time and space, and the correlation among pollutants in surface runoff were analyzed on the basis of storm water monitoring. The results revealed that rainfall events with different characteristics had different laws of pollutants out of streams. Nonpoint source pollutants could be effectively reduced by the control of first runoff in the heavy rainfall event, while the whole rainfall runoff should be effectively controlled for there was almost no initial effect in the weak rainfall events. In the road runoff, the median concentrations of TN were 5.39, 6.41 and 3.27 mg/L; COD_Mn, were 16.9, 13.4 and 6.7 mg/L; NH₃-N were 2.79, 1.82 and 0.71 mg/L; TP were 0.27, 0.24 and 0.07 mg/L, respectively in traffic area, commercial area, and culturaleducational area. In the roof runoff, the concentrations of TN,COD_Mn,NH₃-N and TP were respectively 2.14, 23.7, 1.22 and 0.41 mg/L in green roof of commercial area,. The concentrations of TN, COD_Mn,NH₃-N and TP were respectively 2.23, 4.43, 0.64 and 0.13 mg/L in tile roof of culturaleducational area. Runoff pollution of traffic and commercial areas was more serious than that of culturaleducational areas. Rainwater quality of the road runoff was worse than that of the roof runoff, and the dominant pollutants were TN and COD_Mn. The pollutants in the first runoff were in the form of adsorbing on the solid particles.