杂交鳢（斑鳢♀×乌鳢♂）与乌鳢肌肉品质比较研究

Comparative study on flesh quality of hybrid snakehead（Channa maculate♀×Channa argus♂）and Channa argus

摘要:

为了评价杂交鳢(Channa maculate♀×Channa argus♂)与乌鳢(Channa argus)肌肉品质，实验选择规格基本相同的1+龄杂交鳢和乌鳢进行比较研究。研究从肌肉基本营养组成、游离氨基酸组成、物理特性指标、质构参数4个方面评价肌肉品质。在肌肉的基本营养组成方面，杂交鳢与乌鳢肌肉粗蛋白含量、灰分含量、粗脂肪含量基本相当，无显著性差异(P＞0.05)，杂交鳢肌肉水分含量比乌鳢显著性增加(P<0.05)。在肌肉游离氨基酸含量方面，杂交鳢游离氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量分别比乌鳢提高了7.90%、9.19%、9.01%。在肌肉物理特性方面，与乌鳢相比，杂交鳢肌纤维直径和蒸煮过程肌肉失水率显著性变小(P<0.01)，肌原纤维长度显著性增长(P<0.01)。在质构参数方面，与乌鳢相比，杂交鳢肌肉弹性、硬度、咀嚼性显著降低(P<0.01)，粘聚性显著性增加(P<0.01)，恢复性无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。实验得出的结论是：杂交鳢蛋白质营养水平和质构参数所反映的肌肉品质与乌鳢接近；杂交鳢蛋白质氨基酸水平和物理特性所反映的肌肉品质优于乌鳢。

Abstract:

Hybrid snakehead(Channa maculate♀×Channa argus♂)and Channa argus with the nearly same standard were selected to study contrastively for evaluating their flesh quality. Then, muscle nutrients composition, free amino acid content, physical parameters and flesh texture parameters were determined to analyze the flesh quality. About muscle nutrients composition , there were no differences(P＞0.05)in muscle crude protein , crude ash and crude fat between hybrid snakehead and Channa argus, but muscle moisture of hybrid snakehead was increased significantly ( P<0.01) .The contents of total free amino acids, flavor amino acids and essential amino acid of hybrid snakehead increased by 7.90%, 9.19% and 9.01%, respectively. About flesh physical index between hybrid snakehead and Channa argus, while the muscle fiber diameter and water loss rate of hybrid snakehead reduced significantly (P< 0.01), myofibril length of hybrid snakehead was increased significantly ( P< 0.01). Compared with the group of Channa argus, textural parameters of hybrid snakehead, including springiness, hardness and chewiness were decreased significantly (P<0.01), whereas cohesiveness of hybrid snakehead was increased significantly ( P< 0.01).However, there were no differences(P＞0.05)in resilience among hybrid snakehead and Channa argus. Therefore, it came to the conclusion that flesh quality of muscle nutrients composition and textural parameters were nearly accordant between hybrid snakehead and Channa argus, and that flesh quality of free amino acid content and physical indices of hybrid snakehead were better than Channa argus’s.