玉米蛋白粉部分替代鱼粉对日本沼虾生长和肌肉组成的影响

The effect of partial replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet on the growth and muscle composition of Macrobrachium nipponensis

摘要:

以含27.0%的鱼粉饲料为对照组，分别用3.0%、6.0%、9.0%、12.0%的玉米蛋白粉替代对照饲料中的鱼粉，另在12.0%的玉米蛋白粉替代的基础上添加了0.1%的羟基蛋氨酸钙，制成6种试验饲料（A、B、C、D、E、F），分别喂养日本沼虾幼虾。养殖实验分两阶段进行。第一阶段喂养初始体重（0.12±0.04） g的幼虾30 d，第二阶段喂养初始体重（0.23±0.12） g的幼虾23 d，测定其生长和肌肉营养组成。结果表明：随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉用量的增加，各组幼虾的相对增长率和相对增重率呈下降趋势，但差异不显著（P>0.05），各组日本沼虾成活率无显著差异（P>0.05）。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉的用量在12.0%以内时，养殖日本沼虾肌肉的水分、脂肪、灰分、总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸含量均与对照组无显著差异，但日本沼虾肌肉的脂肪酸组成随玉米蛋白粉用量的增加而变化，玉米蛋白粉用量超过9.0%时，沼虾肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸和DHA+EPA含量显著减少。

Abstract:

The effects of corn gluten meal (CGM) as a partial replacement of fish meal in diet on the growth and muscle composition of Macrobrachium nipponensis were studied. The experiment diets contained a gradient of CGM such as 0% (the control), 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 12%+0.1%MHAGa respectively. All diets were fed to the shrimp triplicately. In the first phase of the experiment, diets were fed to juvenile shrimp (initial body weight of 0.12±0.04 g) for 30 days, and in the second phase diets were fed to juvenile shrimp(initial body weight of 0.23±0.12 g) for 23 days. Growth, survival rate and the muscle composition of M.nipponensis were determined. The results indicated that there was no significantly difference in relative growth rate and survival rate among the treatments（P>0.05）although there was a tendency of declining relative growth rate with the increment of the partial replacement. The nutrition assays of the shrimp muscle indicated that there were no significant effects of the partial replacement on water content, total lipid, crude ash, total amino acid（TAA）and total essential amino acid（TEAA）of the shrimp muscle（P>0.05）. The polyunsaturated fatty acid and DHA+EPA proportion in total fatty acid profiles of the muscle obviously decreased as the amount of CGM in diet was more than 9.0%.