鄱阳湖区两个不同用途湖泊淡水蚌类资源现状的比较研究

The comparative study of resource status on freshwater mussel in two lakes of different usage in Poyang Lake area

摘要:

通过周年采集标本，对鄱阳湖区两个不同用途的卫星湖泊——青岚湖和军山湖淡水蚌类资源现状进行了比较研究。结果表明：青岚湖淡水蚌类有11属35种，优势种为圆顶珠蚌、洞穴丽蚌和中国尖嵴蚌；军山湖有9属16种，优势种为圆顶珠蚌和洞穴丽蚌，且两湖标本各属所含种数差异较大。青岚湖淡水蚌类密度和生物量明显大于军山湖，前者分别为0.57 ind/m²和15.94 g/m²，而后者分别为0.19 ind/m²和0.77 g/m²。两湖蛏蚌属密度和生物量均为零，但青岚湖其余各属生物量明显大于军山湖；并且除楔蚌属和扭蚌属外，青岚湖其余各属密度明显大于军山湖。两湖淡水蚌类生物量和密度之间都存在着极显著的正相关关系。两湖群落相似系数为 41.67。作为天然湖泊的青岚湖比作为增殖湖泊的军山湖面积小很多，但青岚湖淡水蚌类资源比军山湖丰富，说明人工增殖对军山湖淡水蚌类资源有较大的影响。

Abstract:

The comparative study was finished through collecting the annual specimens on resource status of freshwater mussel in Qinglan Lake and Junshan Lake—the two satellite lakes of different usage in Poyang Lake area. Qinglan Lake is a natural lake with area of 15 km² and Junshan Lake is a proliferative lake with area of 213 km². The results indicated that there were 35 species belonging to 11 genera in Qinglan Lake and 16 species belonging to 9 genera in Junshan Lake. The dominant species were Unio douglasiae, Lamprotula caveata and Acuticosta chinensis in Qinglan Lake, and yet Unio douglasiae and Lamprotula caveata in Junshan Lake, and the number of species belonging to each genus of the specimen in the two lakes was more different. The density and biomass of freshwater mussel in Qinglan Lake obviously exceeded those in Junshan Lake, being 0.57 ind/m² and 15.94 g/m² in the former and 0.19 ind/m² and 0.77 g/m² in the latter respectively. Both the density and biomass of Solenaia in the two lakes were zero, but the biomass of the other genera in Qinglan Lake obviously exceeded that in Junshan Lake; and the density of the other genera in Qinglan Lake obviously exceeded that in Junshan Lake besides Cuneopsis and Arconaia. Between the density and biomass of freshwater mussel in the two lakes existed very conspicuous direct correlativity. The community similarity coefficient between the two lakes is 41.67. The area of Qinglan Lake as natural lake is more diminutive than that of Junshan Lake as proliferative lake, but the resources on freshwater mussel in Qinglan Lake were more abundant than those in Junshan lake, and it explained that artificial proliferating had major influence on resources of freshwater mussel in Junshan Lake.