近海捕捞能力控制中税费的作用模拟与费率设计

Effect simulation and designing of the rate for charging to control fishing capacity of Chinese inshore fleets

摘要:

在用数据包络分析法系统计量中国近海捕捞能力与能力利用度的基础上，建立了捕捞能力与收入间、能力利用度与捕捞能力间以及单位捕捞能力收益与能力利用度间的数量关系，并据此模拟分析了1996-2005年按每吨捕捞能力征收不同税费可能对捕捞能力的影响。结果显示：若在现有其他渔业管理措施不变的情况下，连续十年按每吨捕捞能力收费100元，约可以进一步缩减原捕捞能力的40％，可见在近海捕捞渔业管理中考虑引入税费制度是有意义的。研究发现：对海洋渔业征收税费能够提高捕捞行业的整体效率，但要使税费制度确实起到保护渔业资源的作用，费率不应过低。随后，利用规划求解方法研究按既定目标控制捕捞能力的最优费率的求解方法，可为税费政策中有效费率的制定提供参考。最后，根据收费与征税的差别，提出了对我国近海渔业捕捞能力开征渔业资源保护费的具体建议。

Abstract:

Base on the systematically measure to the fishing capability and the capacity utilization of Chinese inshore fleets by the data envelope analysis method, it was set up separately for the quantity relations between the fishing capacity and the income, the capacity utilization and the fishing capacity, and the income of per unit capacity and the capacity utilization. Making use of these models, the possible effect to fishing capacity was simulated by charging different fee for per unit of fishing capacity from 1996 to 2005. The results showed: through charging by 100 yuan for a ton fishing capacity to Chinese inshore fishing fleets for ten years, the fishing capacity would be curtailed to 40% of the original ones if the other management measures were not changed. So it will be necessary for controlling fishing capacity to introduce the system of charging in Chinese inshore fishing management. In the same time, the research also discovered that charging to fishing fleets will improve the whole fishing industry’s efficiency. But only when the fee rate isn’t too low, the effect of charging for protecting fishery resources will be seen, After that, the design of the proper fee rate for controlling fishing capacity to given aim was studied by the method of programming solution. It provides a reference method for constituting effective fee rate to the policies of charging. At last, through analyzing the difference between charging and taxing, it is suggested to collect the protecting fee of fishery resources for Chinese inshore fleets.